Groundwater fluoride as a geochemical marker in the etiology of chronic kidney disease of unknown origin in Sri Lanka

Dissanayake, C.B.; Chandrajith, Rohana

doi:10.4038/cjs.v46i2.7425

Cited by 42 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The present findings are crucial to a recent report that highlighted groundwater F as a geological marker in the aetiology of chronic kidney diseases of unknown aetiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. It is caused by a complex biochemical interaction among Ca, Mg, Na and F ions in the groundwater . Meanwhile, the F level in water consumed by CKDu patients in Sri Lanka varies from 0.05 to 4.8 mg/L, with the mean value of 0.78 mg/L .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is caused by a complex biochemical interaction among Ca, Mg, Na and F ions in the groundwater. 28 Meanwhile, the F level in water consumed by CKDu patients in Sri Lanka varies from 0.05 to 4.8 mg/L, with the mean value of 0.78 mg/L. 29 Hence, the country should have a plan to maintain an optimal level of F in groundwater as an approach to mitigate both dental fluorosis and CKDu in Sri Lanka.…”

Section: Primary Healthcare Teams and Community Leaders Of Rural Dry mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The heterogeneous nature of water well fluoride levels in Sri Lanka: An opportunity to mitigate the dental fluorosis

Ranasinghe

Kruger

Chandrajith

et al. 2019

Comm Dent Oral Epid

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Objectives The study aimed to use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to investigate the spatial distribution of the concentration of fluoride (F) in groundwater resources of Sri Lanka, and the geographic accessibility to an alternative water source having a low or safe F limit to mitigate dental fluorosis. Methods The study used randomly collected (6107) groundwater samples from Sri Lanka and categorized them as “dentally optimal” and “unsafe” based on their F content. The minimum distance from an identified high F source (above dentally optimal level) to a safe groundwater source was determined using geospatial analysis. Results Dentally optimal F sources (<1 and <1.5 mg/L) were identified among the high F groundwater sources (>2 mg/L), some even within a walking distance of 500 m. Results indicated that 26% of dentally unsafe groundwater sources (2.0 mg/L+ wells) had a low F source (<1.0 mg/L) available within a distance of 500 m. It was also evident that 39% of high F wells (2.0 mg/L+ wells) had a low F well (<1.5 mg/L) within a distance of 500 m, if the WHO guideline value for optimal F levels (1.5 mg/L) was assigned as the safe F limit. Conclusion The spatial approach demonstrated a reasonable access to alternative water sources with low or safe F limit in endemic fluorosis areas. Optimizing the use of accessible low F sources is highly recommended as the first‐line option to mitigate dental fluorosis in Sri Lanka since the defluoridation methods introduced in past did not provide sustainable oral health solutions for the inhabitants in high‐risk areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Primary Healthcare Teams and Community Leaders Of Rural Dry mentioning

confidence: 99%

The heterogeneous nature of water well fluoride levels in Sri Lanka: An opportunity to mitigate the dental fluorosis

Ranasinghe

Kruger

Chandrajith

et al. 2019

Comm Dent Oral Epid

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“…Some authors have suggested Cd and other heavy metals to be factor causing such chronic kidney disease [33,48,71]. However, the existence of CKDu communities adjacent to non-CKDu communities subject to similar agrochemical exposure is consistent with other explanations [16,18,26,72]. Traditional agricultural communities have a relatively low fertizer usage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Fertilizer usage and cadmium in soils, crops and food

Dharma‐wardana

2018

Environ Geochem Health

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Phosphate fertilizers were first implicated by Schroeder and Balassa (Science 140(3568):819-820, 1963) for increasing the Cd concentration in cultivated soils and crops. This suggestion has become a part of the accepted paradigm on soil toxicity. Consequently, stringent fertilizer control programs to monitor Cd have been launched. Attempts to link Cd toxicity and fertilizers to chronic diseases, sometimes with good evidence, but mostly on less certain data are frequent. A re-assessment of this "accepted" paradigm is timely, given the larger body of data available today. The data show that both the input and output of Cd per hectare from fertilizers are negligibly small compared to the total amount of Cd/hectare usually present in the soil itself. Calculations based on current agricultural practices are used to show that it will take centuries to double the ambient soil Cd level, even after neglecting leaching and other removal effects. The concern of long-term agriculture should be the depletion of available phosphate fertilizers, rather than the negligible contamination of the soil by trace metals from fertilizer inputs. This conclusion is confirmed by showing that the claimed correlations between fertilizer input and Cd accumulation in crops are not robust. Alternative scenarios that explain the data are presented. Thus, soil acidulation on fertilizer loading and the effect of Mg, Zn and F ions contained in fertilizers are considered using recent [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ion-association theories. The protective role of ions like Zn, Se, Fe is emphasized, and the question of Cd toxicity in the presence of other ions is considered. These help to clarify difficulties in the standard point of view. This analysis does not modify the accepted views on Cd contamination by airborne delivery, smoking, and industrial activity, or algal blooms caused by phosphates.

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“…Data are shown in figure 12 (b). Interestingly, statistical analysis indicates that 13%>0.5 ppm, 87%<0.5 ppm, 10% between 0.5 ppm and 1.0 ppm, and just one reference point had 2.86 ppm which means almost all have F − concentration below recommended maximum concentration of 1.5 ppm except just one [41,42].…”

Section: Kinetic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by porous Vaterite calcium carbonate nanoparticles

Abeykoon

Dunuweera

Liyanage

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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This study is based on a simple, low-cost and a novel approach towards the removal of excess fluoride ions from aqueous solution by absorbing fluoride on porous vaterite calcium carbonate nanoparticles (PVCCNPs) synthesised using ethylene glycol-water soft template method. SEM images clearly show the porous nature of aggregated nanoparticles present in the dry powder. Physicochemical properties of synthesised PVCCNP and fluoride on PVCCNP was characterised further by FTIR, XRD, XRF, EDX, and TGA-DTG. Fluoride removal by PVCCNPs from 100.00 ml of 10.0 mg l −1 NaF solution with 0.500 g of PVCCNPs, determined using a fluoride ion-selective electrode, indicates that around 90% removal is achieved within 1 h thus reducing the level to desired 1 ppm. The pseudo-second order kinetic model has a better fit to describe the adsorption of fluoride on PVCCNP than pseudofirst order model. The Langmuir isotherm model is more appropriate to describe the equilibrium behaviour of the adsorption process, than the Freundlich model. Given that the value of n (Freundlich constant) is greater than 1 (3.07) and R L value is in the range of 0<R L <1 (0.014-0.024) implies that the adsorption process is spontaneous and fluoride ions are favourably adsorbed on PVCCNPs. Langmuir model shows that the maximum adsorption capacity of fluoride is 1.956 mg g −1 . Excess fluoride in drinking waters causes several severe ill-health effects and filter media based on these nanoparticles can be used to remove fluoride down to safe and required levels to tackle these health problems. As such, PVCCNPs-based filter can be designed to remove fluoride in drinking waters. This may be a way for controlling fluorosis and many other diseases associated with excess fluoride present in drinking waters.

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Groundwater fluoride as a geochemical marker in the etiology of chronic kidney disease of unknown origin in Sri Lanka

Abstract: Abstract:The correlation of chronic kidney diseases of unknown etiology (CKDu)

Cited by 42 publications

References 29 publications

The heterogeneous nature of water well fluoride levels in Sri Lanka: An opportunity to mitigate the dental fluorosis

The heterogeneous nature of water well fluoride levels in Sri Lanka: An opportunity to mitigate the dental fluorosis

Fertilizer usage and cadmium in soils, crops and food

Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by porous Vaterite calcium carbonate nanoparticles

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