“…The Water Act of 1945 caused groundwater abstraction to be controlled by a licensing system, which meant abstraction has declined and the water level has subsequently risen. In most places within the London Basin the Palaeogene strata are water-bearing and mostly fully saturated (Downing et al, 1972;Jones et al, 2000;Preene and Roberts, 2002;Ellison et al, 2004). This caused additional problems, as much of London's underground infrastructure was developed during the period of declining water levels (Jones et al, 2005) Artificial recharge, the process of adding treated mains water into aquifers for storage and later use, has been trialled in the London area as early as 1890.…”