Groundwater chemistry and the Gibbs Diagram

Marandi, Andres; Shand, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.07.009

Cited by 234 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…The basis of dissolved ionic substances and the processes for the evolution of groundwater are revealed by the graphical procedure as an interface of TDS versus Cl/(Cl + HCO 3 ) and Na/(Na + Ca) ratios [21,61,62]. Precipitation is the preliminary process since the chemical compositions of aquifers are affected by the volume of suspended salts/ions generated by precipitation [21,[61][62][63][64]. Naturally, the volume of precipitation is consistently high surpassing the low quantity of dissolved elements resulting from the rock mineral.…”

Section: Groundwater Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It helps explains visibly, the pattern of groundwater sources producing a rebound-shaped cloud on a graph. Groundwater is not in a state of equilibrium with aquifer rock mineral, consequent of their mingling with recharged waters with distinct transport periods and often having higher Ca and HCO 3 concentrations when compared with Cl and Na [64]. The hydrochemistry of aquifers in the study area is controlled by rock weathering, as depicted in Fig.…”

Section: Gibbs Diagrammentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quality reassessment using water quality indices and hydrochemistry of groundwater from the Basement Complex section of Kaduna Basin, NW Nigeria

2020

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Water quality indices allow for defining the acceptable limits for water usage. This paper evaluates the suitability of water for industrial and domestic uses. Hydrogeochemical data were derived from previous studies and exposed to an internal consistency test. Groundwater was classified using physicochemical parameters and water quality indices. Multivariate analysis (factor and clustering analyses) was applied to identify the sources of ions and classify groundwater. Similarly, regression analysis was used to model the hydrochemistry of the study area. Results indicated groundwater of varying quality based on hardness, TDS, EC, chloride, and nitrate. Groundwater classification based on the Chadha diagram revealed a Na-HCO 3 water type in the Kudenda-Nassarawa area. Kaduna South and Kakuri and its Environs have a Ca-Mg-Cl water type. Calcium, Mg, Na, and TDS constituted the major elements influencing the hydrochemistry of groundwater based on regression analysis. Factor analysis showed that aquifers are strongly influenced by rock weathering. Also, cluster analysis revealed different types of water sources based on their hydrogeochemical characteristics. The results of multivariate analysis concurred with Gibb's model. However, groundwater is unsuitable for industrial use since it is undersaturated with calcium carbonate. Thus, water treatment is required to avoid serious corrosion.

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Section: Groundwater Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gibbs Diagrammentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality reassessment using water quality indices and hydrochemistry of groundwater from the Basement Complex section of Kaduna Basin, NW Nigeria

2020

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Section: Mechanisms Of Natural Processes Controlling Groundwater Chemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the groundwater samples fell into both the evaporation and rock weathering dominant area, indicating the predominant role of evaporation and rock weathering on groundwater chemistry in the study area. Most shallow groundwater samples were positioned in the evaporation dominant zone, suggesting the significant effect of evaporation and/or dissolution of evaporates [42,43] on shallow groundwater hydrogeochemistry. The observed good, positive correlation between Na + and SO 4 2− (r = 0.87), Cl − (r = 0.74) (Table S3) and the high concentrations of these major ions in shallow groundwater indicated that evaporates (i.e., halite and mirabilite [44]) dissolution was the major process controlling the shallow groundwater chemistry.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Natural Processes Controlling Groundwater Chemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Activity and Hydrogeochemical Processes Relating to Groundwater Quality Degradation in the Yuncheng Basin, Northern China

Gao

Wang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Groundwater quality degradation has raised widespread concerns about water supplies and ecological crises in China. In this study, hydrogeochemistry, environmental stable isotopes (δ18O, δD), and principal component analysis were conducted together to reveal the mechanism’s response to the hydrogeochemical and quality degradation of groundwater in Yuncheng Basin, Northern China, so that reasonable water resource management strategies can be developed. The study reveals that groundwater faces a tremendous risk of quality decrease during the past decade: (1) the hydrochemical facies of groundwater shows that the bicarbonate and chloride type water was replaced with sulfate type water and the occupying area of SO4·Cl-Na, SO4·HCO3-Na type water expanded dramatically in shallow and intermediate-deep aquifers. (2) Major ion chemistry and hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions indicate that the major hydrogeochemical processes responsible for groundwater quality deterioration include the dissolution of evaporates (i.e., halite, gypsum, and mirabilite), ion exchange, and evaporation process. Additionally, (3) anthropogenic activities (overutilization of fertilizer) have resulted in nitrate contamination, and have thereby led to groundwater quality degradation.

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“…Geochemical modeling: Geochemical models were used to estimate the chemical reactions in the groundwater system such as dissolution and precipitation of solids, ion-exchange and sorption by clay minerals (Talebi, 2003;Marandi and Shand, 2018). Based on Plummer (1994), the geochemical models can be divided into two general 706 types.…”

Section: Expanded Durov Diagrammentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Quality Analysis and Modeling of the Al-Rawdhatain Field, Kuwait

Alhumoud¹,

Al-Ruwaih²

2019

J. Eng. Appl. Sci.

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The Al-Rawdhatain field is the main freshwater well in Kuwait. The fresh groundwater is produced in the Dibdibba Formation that is the upper formation of the Kuwait group aquifer. The latest annual field production was ~6 Million Imperial Gallons (MIG). The quality of the fresh groundwater in the study area is analyzed to determine the prevailing geochemical processes in the aquifer, groundwater chemistry and genesis types. In addition, the groundwater quality and water level trends of the field during the period of 1985-2017 are investigated. The source rock is identified and the chemical equilibrium of the groundwater with respect to the minerals in the aquifer matrix is assessed. The collected groundwater data were compiled, analyzed, plotted and interpreted. The analyses show that the Al-Rawdhatain field contains fresh groundwater. The salinity of the groundwater ranged from 530-1800 mgL-1 in 1966 from 400-1500 mgL-1 in 1991 and from 950 to 3210 mgL-1 in 2015, indicating an increase in the salinity with time. The chemical properties of the groundwater in the study field are dominated by alkaline earths which exceed alkalis and strong acids that exceed weak acids. The main groundwater chemistry comprises Na 2 SO 4 , NaHCO 3 , Ca (HCO 3) 2 and CaSO 4. Generally, the groundwater exhibits an over saturation with respect to calcite and dolomite and undersaturation with respect to anhydrite, gypsum and halite. The PCO 2 ranges from 1.86-3.11×10-3 atm, representing a deep closed environment system. The application of the mass balance technique indicates that the ion exchange, reverse ion exchange, dissolution of gypsum, calcite precipitation (dedolomitization) and carbonate weathering are the prevailing geochemical processes in the Al-Rawdhatain field.

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Groundwater chemistry and the Gibbs Diagram

Cited by 234 publications

References 30 publications

Quality reassessment using water quality indices and hydrochemistry of groundwater from the Basement Complex section of Kaduna Basin, NW Nigeria

Quality reassessment using water quality indices and hydrochemistry of groundwater from the Basement Complex section of Kaduna Basin, NW Nigeria

Human Activity and Hydrogeochemical Processes Relating to Groundwater Quality Degradation in the Yuncheng Basin, Northern China

Water Quality Analysis and Modeling of the Al-Rawdhatain Field, Kuwait

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