Grounding of Design and Technology Parameters of Combined Coulter Furrow Opener of Precision Seed Drill

Abstract

A formation of a seedbed is an important step during seed sowing process. A quality of seedbed formation influences on seeds distribution along both a row and a depth and is triggering the opportunity to obtain early and even sprouts. The design of the furrow opener is the main element that has a direct impact on the qualitative formation of seedbed and technological parameters of coulter operation. During the research, there has been analyzed the modern construction of precision seed drills coulters and specified advantages and disadvantages of their operation. It has been established that the most advanced are coulters having a working section with a combined angle (sharp and obtuse) of entry into the soil. The attained results afforded to develop an improved design of the coulter furrow opener of the precision seed drill. There was brought forward a combined wedge furrow opener, the upper part of which has a working section with a sharp angle of entry into the soil, lower - and compactor, located in the rear part of the furrow opener, which forms seedbed has a working surface with an obtuse angle of entry into the soil. There were obtained analytical dependences targeted to determine the main structural and technological parameters of the operating elements of a combined coulter furrow opener which is used to seed cultivated crops: the angles of entry into the soil of the upper and lower part of the furrow opener, compactor in the rolling plane and the angle of tip of the furrow opener in the horizontal plane.

Study of design parameters of coulter elements for sowing row crops

“…Для реалізації наведених функцій виконання технологічного процесу нами був розроблений удосконалений сошник [32,33] який має комбінований клиновий наральник та щоки з додатковими елементами. Верхня більша частина наральника має робочу поверхню з гострим кутом входження в ґрунт, нижня менша частина та розміщена в задній частині п'ята, яка формує насіннєве ложе для рівномірного розміщення насіння по глибині, має робочу поверхню із тупим кутом входження ґрунт, причому в вертикальній площині обидві робочі поверхні наральника нахилені під кутом меншим кута тертя ґрунту по сталі (рис.…”

“…Розрахунок кута входження в ґрунт нижньої частини наральника  , яка починає формування борозни виконується аналогічно і розглянутий в [33].…”

Substantiation of the presence and parameters of seed guides in the openers, which increase the quality of sowing and yield

“…The article [16] presents the materials of the study of the combined opener, which has sharp and obtuse angles of entry into the soil. The characteristics and parameters of the interaction of this opener with the soil are described.…”

“…Based on the analysis of the sources [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], it can be concluded that there are unresolved issues related to improving the uniformity of seed distribution by guiding elements in the openers.…”