Ground-water resources of Kings and Queens Counties, Long Island, New York

Buxton, Herbert T.; Shernoff, P.K.

doi:10.3133/ofr9276

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…The more significant discrepancy between the model and field observations occurs along the southern shore of western Long Island, where Perlmutter et al (1959) reported the presence of sea water within the upper Pleistocene outwash sands, brackish water within the upper Cretaceous Magothy aquifer, and fresh water within the basal Cretaceous sands (Lloyd aquifer) along southwestern Long Island. The area where salt water is observed in the Magothy‐Jameco aquifer has complex hydrogeology with local erosion features that may play a role in the presence of salt water (Buxton and Shernoff 1999). It appears that our model overpredicts the extent of fresh water beneath southwestern Long Island extending under the ocean, although predevelopment salinity data are not available.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted, however, that the Lloyd aquifer terminates (and crops out) along Long Island Sound proximal (2 to 3 km) to these well fields. The more problematic area is along the southern shore of western Long Island, where saline water has been observed in the Magothy‐Jameco aquifer since measurements have been made (Buxton and Shernoff 1999). Possible erosional breaks in the confining unit overlying the Magothy aquifer (not represented in our regional scale model) could be the cause of this observed salt water intrusion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Origin and Extent of Fresh Paleowaters on the Atlantic Continental Shelf, USA

et al. 2009

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While the existence of relatively fresh groundwater sequestered within permeable, porous sediments beneath the Atlantic continental shelf of North and South America has been known for some time, these waters have never been assessed as a potential resource. This fresh water was likely emplaced during Pleistocene sea-level low stands when the shelf was exposed to meteoric recharge and by elevated recharge in areas overrun by the Laurentide ice sheet at high latitudes. To test this hypothesis, we present results from a high-resolution paleohydrologic model of groundwater flow, heat and solute transport, ice sheet loading, and sea level fluctuations for the continental shelf from New Jersey to Maine over the last 2 million years. Our analysis suggests that the presence of fresh to brackish water within shallow Miocene sands more than 100 km offshore of New Jersey was facilitated by discharge of submarine springs along Baltimore and Hudson Canyons where these shallow aquifers crop out. Recharge rates four times modern levels were computed for portions of New England's continental shelf that were overrun by the Laurentide ice sheet during the last glacial maximum. We estimate the volume of emplaced Pleistocene continental shelf fresh water (less than 1 ppt) to be 1300 km(3) in New England. We also present estimates of continental shelf fresh water resources for the U.S. Atlantic eastern seaboard (10(4) km(3)) and passive margins globally (3 x 10(5) km(3)). The simulation results support the hypothesis that offshore fresh water is a potentially valuable, albeit nonrenewable resource for coastal megacities faced with growing water shortages.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and Extent of Fresh Paleowaters on the Atlantic Continental Shelf, USA

et al. 2009

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“…2B). This new drainage included the lower reaches of the Raritan and its tributaries the Millstone and Passaic, which drained to the north of Staten Island and then east via a buried valley across Brooklyn (Buxton & Shernoff 1999) into the Hudson. The Hudson, in turn, exited to the shelf through a south‐trending valley in Queens that is now buried by glacial deposits.…”

Section: Diversion Of Pensauken Rivermentioning

confidence: 99%

Onshore record of Hudson River drainage to the continental shelf from the late Miocene through the late Wisconsinan deglaciation, USA: synthesis and revision

Stanford¹

2009

Boreas

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Stanford, S. D. 2009: Onshore record of Hudson River drainage to the continental shelf from the late Miocene through the late Wisconsinan deglaciation, USA: synthesis and revision. Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2009.00106.x. ISSN 0300‐9483. Fluvial and glacial deposits in New Jersey, Long Island, and the Hudson valley provide a record of Hudson River drainage since the late Miocene. Late Miocene fluvial deposits record southerly flow across the emerged inner New Jersey shelf. In the late Miocene–early Pliocene this drainage incised, shifted southwesterly, and discharged to the shelf south of New Jersey. During late Pliocene or Early Pleistocene glaciation, discharge to the shelf in the New York City area was established. This drainage incised and stabilized in the Early and Middle Pleistocene and remained open during pre‐Wisconsinan (Oxygen Isotope Stage 6? (OIS‐6?)) and late Wisconsinan (OIS‐2) glacial advances. During late Wisconsinan retreat, moraine deposits dammed the valley at the Narrows to form Lake Albany. From 19 to 15.5 kyr BP (all dates in 14C yr), Hudson drainage was directed eastward into the Long Island Sound lowland. Drainage of Lake Wallkill into Lake Albany at 15.5 kyr BP breached the Narrows dam and initiated the unstable phase of Lake Albany, which was controlled by eroding spillways, first on the moraine dam, then on emerged lake‐bottom in the mid‐Hudson valley. Marine incursion between 12 and 11 kyr BP limited fluvial incision of the lake bottom, stabilizing the Quaker Springs, Coveville, and upper Fort Ann spillways. Lowering sea level between 11 and 10 kyr BP allowed incision from the upper to lower Fort Ann threshold. Sediment eroded by lake outflows between 15 and 10.5 kyr BP was trapped in the glacially deepened lower valley. Little inland sediment reached the shelf after 20 kyr BP.

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“…The Gardiners Clay unconformably overlies the Jameco Gravel or crystalline bedrock, both of which are found in the watershed. Regionally, crystalline bedrock is encountered beneath the glacial outwash to the west of the canal (Buxton & Shernoff, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, investigations beneath and adjacent to the canal found NAPL at depths greater than 80 ft in the native material beneath and adjacent to the canal (GEI, ). Overpumping ended to stop saltwater intrusion in the early 1950s, and the cone of depression slowly recovered to where hydraulic gradients are now toward the canal (Buxton & Shernoff, ). Groundwater modeling of current conditions estimates that the integrated rate of groundwater discharge to the canal is approximately 50 L/sec (GEI, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Impacts on Surface Water and Sediment-Gowanus Canal, Brooklyn, New York

McDonald¹,

Gbondo-Tugbawa²,

Prabhu³

et al. 2016

Remediation

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The Gowanus Canal Superfund Site in Brooklyn, New York, is an approximately 1.5‐mile (1.61‐km) long estuary that was historically converted into a canal for industrial and commercial purposes. Three manufactured gas plants (MGPs) were formerly located on the Gowanus Canal and discharged waste into it. Surface sediments remain highly contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) long after the MGPs were razed. A hydrogeologic assessment indicates that groundwater passes through the deeper coal tar–contaminated sediment prior to discharging to the canal. This study was undertaken to investigate if groundwater passing through coal tar–contaminated sediment could be responsible for the ongoing contamination of both surface sediments and surface water in the canal. PAH compound distributions in surface water samples collected from the tidal canal at low tide were compared with PAH compounds found in adjacent groundwater‐monitoring wells, point sources (combined sewer overflows [CSOs]), and surface sediments. The results indicate a strong correlation between PAH contaminant distributions in groundwater, sediment, and surface water, indicating that contaminated groundwater passing through the deeper coal tar–contaminated sediments is the primary mechanism contributing to the contamination of both surface sediment and surface water in the canal. Therefore, any sediment remediation efforts in the Gowanus Canal that fail to evaluate and control the upward transport processes have a high chance of failure due to recontamination from below. ©2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Ground-water resources of Kings and Queens Counties, Long Island, New York

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Origin and Extent of Fresh Paleowaters on the Atlantic Continental Shelf, USA

Origin and Extent of Fresh Paleowaters on the Atlantic Continental Shelf, USA

Onshore record of Hudson River drainage to the continental shelf from the late Miocene through the late Wisconsinan deglaciation, USA: synthesis and revision

Groundwater Impacts on Surface Water and Sediment-Gowanus Canal, Brooklyn, New York

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