Ground water purging and sampling methods: History vs. hysteria

Barcelona, Michael J.; Varljen, Mark D.; Puls, Robert W.; Kaminski, D.

doi:10.1111/j.1745-6592.2005.0001.x

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Work by Britt (2005), Church and Granato (1996), and others indicates that vertical flow and in-well mixing occur in virtually all monitoring wells. This understanding of well dynamics is consistent with the finding that low-flow purge sampling methods (Barcelona et al, 2005) and no-purge sample-collection methods (e.g., Vroblesky, 2001) yield results comparable to traditional high-volume purge methods. Because of this mixing, low-flow sampling is now the sampling method of choice at most sites, with no-purge methods gaining increasing acceptance over time.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Laboratory validation study of new vapor‐phase‐based approach for groundwater monitoring

Adamson

McHugh

Rysz

et al. 2009

Remediation Journal

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Laboratory validation study of new vapor‐phase‐based approach for groundwater monitoring

Adamson

McHugh

Rysz

et al. 2009

Remediation Journal

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“…Figure 2 shows the LNAPL-impacted intervals. Short screened intervals have been recommended in the design of monitoring wells (Gibs et al 1993;Barcelona et al 1994Barcelona et al , 2005. Monitoring wells C and D were constructed with 10-foot (3 m) screened intervals (10 feet, or 3 m), and all other wells had screens that were at least twice as long.…”

Section: Well Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radon as a Complementary Well‐Purging Indicator for Sampling Volatile Organic Compounds in a Petroleum‐Contaminated Aquifer

Han¹,

Kuo²,

Fan³

et al. 2007

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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Ground water sampling protocols generally require that a well be purged prior to sampling. At present, the stability of conventional field measurements such as electrical conductivity, water temperature, and pH is used as a criterion to determine whether a well has been purged sufficiently to yield ''representative'' water quality samples. The primary objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate the validity of using the stability of conventional field measurements as a well-purging criterion for sampling volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in an aquifer region contaminated with free-phase gasoline and (2) to investigate the possibility of using radon-222 as a complementary well-purging indicator. Monitoring wells in a refinery were sampled at locations both upstream and inside an area contaminated with free-phase gasoline. The variation of conventional field measurements, VOCs, and radon-222 was evaluated with time and the number of casing volumes flushed. The results indicated that the number of casing volumes required for purging prior to sampling for VOCs is significantly larger in the gasoline-impacted area than in the uncontaminated aquifer. In addition, the stability of conventional field measurements alone was not sufficient to determine if a well had been purged sufficiently to yield representative VOC water quality samples. Radon-222 concentrations appeared to follow the temporal variation of dissolved VOCs in the gasoline-contaminated region of the aquifer, suggesting that radon-222 might be a complementary well-purging indicator if a field method were available for rapid assessment of dissolved radon concentrations.

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“…Because of this and constraints of accessing the core matrix of the aquifer, most research dealing with aquifer microbiology is based on the analysis of BCS of groundwater samples rather than core samples. Procedures to extract groundwater samples with representative chemical composition have been proposed and evaluated since the 1980s (Gibb et al ; Barcelona et al , ; Puls and Paul ), and a comprehensive review of groundwater sampling and related biases has been reported (Barcelona et al ). It has been shown that tubing materials alter the chemical composition of groundwater by sorption and volatilization of organic compounds (Ho ; Barcelona et al ) and that the pumping flow rate influences the amount of colloid‐associated contaminants (Backhus et al ; Puls and Paul ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these sampling techniques have not been veri‐fied for the investigation of in situ groundwater microbial communities. In hydrogeological studies, a groundwater mon‐i‐toring well is usually purged until groundwater physical–chemical parameters reach stable values before samplingis initiated (Gibb et al ; Barcelona et al , ). How‐ever, it has been shown previously that the BCS only stabilized after pumping 36 well volumes, whereas physical–chemical parameters stabilized after pumping5 well volu‐mes from a porous aquifer with a flow rate of 6 L/min (Kwon et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact Assessment of Pumping Parameters on Groundwater Bacterial Communities

Shani¹,

Aravinthan²,

Rossi³

et al. 2012

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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Groundwater microbial community samples are traditionally collected using pumping techniques optimized for groundwater chemistry assessment, although the impact of groundwater pumping parameters on apparent bacterial community structures (BCSs) is not really known. We therefore studied the impact of pumping lift, flow regime, and tubing material on BCS, which were analyzed by terminal‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP). Ruzicka dissimilarity coefficients were calculated between T‐RFLP profiles to assess disparities between BCS. Variations in pumping lift, flow regime, and tubing material did not affect the apparent BCS in experiments using a homogenous water system under laboratory conditions showing that the conditions within the tube had no detectable effect on BCS. However, pumping groundwater from aquifer monitoring wells at different flow rates in the field revealed a significant impact on the apparent BCS. Water samples collected from fine sediment were the most affected by the pumping flow rate.

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Ground water purging and sampling methods: History vs. hysteria

Cited by 32 publications

References 22 publications

Laboratory validation study of new vapor‐phase‐based approach for groundwater monitoring

Laboratory validation study of new vapor‐phase‐based approach for groundwater monitoring

Radon as a Complementary Well‐Purging Indicator for Sampling Volatile Organic Compounds in a Petroleum‐Contaminated Aquifer

Impact Assessment of Pumping Parameters on Groundwater Bacterial Communities

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