Ground-Based Hyperspectral Image Analysis of the Lower Mississippian (Osagean) Reeds Spring Formation Rocks in Southwestern Missouri

Abstract

Abstract:Ground-based hyperspectral imaging is fairly new for studying near-vertical rock exposures where airborne or satellite-based imaging fail to provide useful information. In this study, ground-based hyperspectral image analysis was performed on a roadcut, where diagenetic tripolite facies is observed in southwestern Missouri. Laboratory-based reflectance spectroscopy and hyperspectral image analyses were also performed on collected samples. Image classification was performed using Spectral Feature Fitting (SFF) and Mixture-tuned Match Filtering (MTMF) with laboratory-and image-derived end-member spectra. SFF provided thorough yet detailed classification, whereas MTMF provided information on the relative abundances of the lithologies. Ground-based hyperspectral imaging demonstrated its potential to aid geological studies providing valuable information on mineralogical and lithological variations rapidly and with two-dimensional continuity in inaccessible rock faces of near-vertical outcrops. The results showed decreasing tripolite abundance going downward in the investigated vertical succession. Also, a leaching pattern has been observed such that persistent and continuous limestone layers become lenses and patches towards the upper portion of the outcrop. These observations show that the effect of tripolitization decreases when going deeper in the succession, suggesting that the fluid responsible for the weathering of siliceous precursors may have been flowing from top to bottom and thus have had a meteoric origin.

Machine Learning for Mineral Identification and Ore Estimation from Hyperspectral Imagery in Tin–Tungsten Deposits: Simulation under Indoor Conditions

“…An initial concern in this study was the fact that the used imaging hyperspectral systems were not covering the spectral range 2000-2500 nm, which is diagnostic for many geological materials (see, e.g., [4,9]). Imaging systems covering a wider spectral range have been used to acquire panoramic images in open pit mines [21][22][23][24]29,[74][75][76]. To mention the most recent, Barton et al [75] mapped different mixtures of carbonates, mica-rich muscovite mica, kaolinite, and gypsum in highwalls and outcrops using a system with 640 bands that integrates two sensors to cover from 400 to 2500 nm.…”

“…Most hyperspectral images have been remotely acquired from airborne sensors and a few satellites and, in the context of the mining industry, common applications of remotelysensed hyperspectral images are mineral exploration (see examples in [8][9][10][11][12]) and the environmental impact [13][14][15]. Currently, close-range hyperspectral images of hand samples and/or drill cores [16][17][18][19], along with ground-based panoramic hyperspectral imaging of semi-vertical outcrops [20][21][22][23][24], are increasingly used as hyperspectral imaging systems become more portable and widespread. Multi-and hyperspectral image systems have also been developed for ore microscopy [25][26][27][28] with the aim of achieving a quantitative mineralogical analysis.…”

Tower of Belém (Lisbon)–Status Quo 3D Documentation and Material Origin Determination

“…By analysing with increased resolution the range presenting more information about carbonates, which is between wavelengths 1900 nm and 2500 nm, the absorbance peaks of the Lioz white limestone at the Rio Seco quarry and in the Tower of Belém lie within the same wavelengths and correspond to those previously mentioned, which are characteristic of the group of carbonates. Owing to the nature of these limestones, their characteristic absorption peaks appear at 1750, 1980, 2160, 2340 and 2500 nm [66] (Figure 25a). By analysing with increased resolution the range presenting more information about carbonates, which is between wavelengths 1900 nm and 2500 nm, the absorbance peaks of the Lioz white limestone at the Rio Seco quarry and in the Tower of Belém lie within the same wavelengths and correspond to those previously mentioned, which are characteristic of the group of carbonates.…”

Integrated Hyperspectral and Geochemical Study of Sediment-Hosted Disseminated Gold at the Goldstrike District, Utah

“…The reflectance curve contains physical and chemical properties of the material since chemical bonds absorb light at specific wavelengths [21]. Ground-based hyperspectral imaging has been widely used in geologic characterizations [15,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28], in which variations of the sub-centimeter or sub-millimeter scale can be resolved. This study used hyperspectral imaging to identify mineralogy as well as to extract relative abundances of the minerals.…”