Gross Morphological Features of the Organ Surface Primo-Vascular System Revealed by Hemacolor Staining

Lim, Chang–Hyun; Yoo, Je-Hyun; Kim, Yongbaek; Lee, So Yeong; Ryu, Pan Dong

doi:10.1155/2013/350815

Cited by 16 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The PVS tissue has been identified in various sites, such as internal organs [ 4 – 7 ], brain ventricles [ 8 ], and blood and lymphatic vessels [ 9 – 11 ] in several animal species [ 12 ]. Various techniques have been used to visualize the PVS, including trypan blue, through which many important anatomical features of the PVS have been elucidated [ 2 ], and Hemacolor utilized in recent research [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, rod-shaped nuclei (revealed by DNA-specific staining) are linearly aligned along the longitudinal axis of the PVS [ 5 , 9 , 11 ]. Third, the PVS contains various immune cells, including mast cells (MCs) and white blood cells (WBCs), such as eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, and it has a unique cellular composition [ 6 , 13 , 14 ] and a high number of MCs and WBCs. Fourth, the PVS is composed of a bundle of several small subducts or ductules (10–50 μ m) containing immune cells [ 6 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of Primo-Vascular System in Abdominal Subcutaneous Tissue Layer of Rats

Lim

Lee

Ryu

2015

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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The primo-vascular system (PVS) is a novel network identified in various animal tissues. However, the PVS in subcutaneous tissue has not been well identified. Here, we examined the putative PVS on the surface of abdominal subcutaneous tissue in rats. Hemacolor staining revealed dark blue threadlike structures consisting of nodes and vessels, which were frequently observed bundled with blood vessels. The structure was filled with various immune cells including mast cells and WBCs. In the structure, there were inner spaces (20–60 µm) with low cellularity. Electron microscopy revealed a bundle structure and typical cytology common with the well-established organ surface PVS, which were different from those of the lymphatic vessel. Among several subcutaneous (sc) PVS tissues identified on the rat abdominal space, the most outstanding was the scPVS aligned along the ventral midline. The distribution pattern of nodes and vessels in the scPVS closely resembled that of the conception vessel meridian and its acupoints. In conclusion, our results newly revealed that the PVS is present in the abdominal subcutaneous tissue layer and indicate that the scPVS tissues are closely correlated with acupuncture meridians. Our findings will help to characterize the PVS in the other superficial tissues and its physiological roles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Primo-Vascular System in Abdominal Subcutaneous Tissue Layer of Rats

Lim

Lee

Ryu

2015

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…Lim et al 2 suggested that the rat organ-surface primo vessel can be useful in identifying the primo tissues by morphologically observing with Hemacolor staining followed by simple light microscope for a brief time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of differentiation standard for primo through the histological common point of threadlike structure found in rats and swine

Yeon

Kwon

Cho

et al. 2016

Integrative Medicine Research

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BackgroundThe novel threadlike structure is called the primo structure, and studies are conducted through many different approaches. Although various ways of differentiation are currently used, a standard for differentiation is deemed necessary in order to identify the primo structure based on the overall form of the structure. This study aims to explore the differentiation standard through the histological common point of the threadlike structure of rat and swine by using the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining method commonly used for histological research in various structures.MethodsAn 8-week old Sprague-Dawley rat and a Yorkshire pig weighing 30–40 kg were used. A total of 65 pieces of rat threadlike structure and 100 pieces of swine threadlike structure were collected after the abdomen was cut and opened. The following three different characteristics were confirmed using the H&E staining method for the collected structures: (1) bright cell availability; (2) cavity availability; and (3) nuclei density.ResultsFor the rat threadlike structure, the bright cell (70.5%) and nuclei density (92.6%) were mainly observed; in the swine threadlike structure, however, the bright cell (60.6%) and cavity (67.2%) were mainly observed. The bright cell was confirmed to have been observed in the threadlike structures of both rat and swine.ConclusionThe bright cell is determined to be the common point in the primo structure. However, further research is deemed necessary in the future as to the functions performed by the characteristic shown by the Primo structure.

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“…24 Innate immune cells, especially mast cells, have been found to be highly concentrated in the PVS, suggesting that it has an immune function. [25][26][27] In addition, hematopoietic stem cells 28 and small embryonic-like stem cells 29,30 have been observed in the PVS, suggesting that it has a regenerative function.…”

Section: Introduction Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothesis on the Treatment of Gliomas with Acupuncture at the Primo Node Corresponding toZusanli(ST 36)

Soh

2015

Medical Acupuncture

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Background: The primo vascular system (PVS) is an anatomical structure that is a network of ducts with fluid flowing in them, which are called primo vessels and correspond to acupuncture meridians, and primo nodes that correspond to acupoints. The PVS' main function is considered to be the maintenance of regenerative homeostasis in human and animal bodies. This system is distributed throughout the bodies of normal animals and develops around and in cancer tissues. This cancer-associated PVS may be a critical metastatic path besides the blood and the lymph vessels. The author of this article proposes a hypothesis on cancer treatment: Injecting anticancer drugs into acupoints according to the pharmacopuncture method can be effective as a result of the flow channels of the PVS. The author considers the acupoint Zusanli (ST 36) and the route of the primo vessels starting from it. This specific PVS route runs along the perineurium of the sciatic nerve, the pia mater, and the arachnoid mater of the spinal cord to the brain. Thus, by injecting a suitable anticancer drug into ST 36, one can deliver the drug into the brain to treat gliomas and other brain tumors. This new drug-delivery method is just one of the new clinical applications that are possible by combining acupuncture and using the PVS. Conclusions: Anticancer drugs for glioma can be injected into the primo node at the acupoint ST 36 to reach the cancer tissue through the PVS in the sciatic nerve, spine, and brain that can avoid the blood-brain barrier.

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Gross Morphological Features of the Organ Surface Primo-Vascular System Revealed by Hemacolor Staining

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

Identification of Primo-Vascular System in Abdominal Subcutaneous Tissue Layer of Rats

Identification of Primo-Vascular System in Abdominal Subcutaneous Tissue Layer of Rats

Exploration of differentiation standard for primo through the histological common point of threadlike structure found in rats and swine

Hypothesis on the Treatment of Gliomas with Acupuncture at the Primo Node Corresponding toZusanli(ST 36)

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