Hypothesis on the Treatment of Gliomas with Acupuncture at the Primo Node Corresponding toZusanli(ST 36)

Abstract

Background: The primo vascular system (PVS) is an anatomical structure that is a network of ducts with fluid flowing in them, which are called primo vessels and correspond to acupuncture meridians, and primo nodes that correspond to acupoints. The PVS' main function is considered to be the maintenance of regenerative homeostasis in human and animal bodies. This system is distributed throughout the bodies of normal animals and develops around and in cancer tissues. This cancer-associated PVS may be a critical metastatic path besides the blood and the lymph vessels. The author of this article proposes a hypothesis on cancer treatment: Injecting anticancer drugs into acupoints according to the pharmacopuncture method can be effective as a result of the flow channels of the PVS. The author considers the acupoint Zusanli (ST 36) and the route of the primo vessels starting from it. This specific PVS route runs along the perineurium of the sciatic nerve, the pia mater, and the arachnoid mater of the spinal cord to the brain. Thus, by injecting a suitable anticancer drug into ST 36, one can deliver the drug into the brain to treat gliomas and other brain tumors. This new drug-delivery method is just one of the new clinical applications that are possible by combining acupuncture and using the PVS. Conclusions: Anticancer drugs for glioma can be injected into the primo node at the acupoint ST 36 to reach the cancer tissue through the PVS in the sciatic nerve, spine, and brain that can avoid the blood-brain barrier.

Observation of a Flowing Duct in the Abdominal Wall by Using Nanoparticles

“…The primo vascular system (PVS) was proposed to be a circulatory system corresponding to acupuncture meridians of humans and mammals by BH Kim [ 1 ]. The extensive network of the PVS which is a system composed of the primo vessels (PVs) primo nodes (PNs) and fluid that flows in the PVS was confirmed in various organs of mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, pigs, cows, and humans [ 2 , 3 ]. Most of the experiments were done with vivi-staining of the PVS for its visualization using dyes such as Trypan blue, Alcian blue, chrome-hematoxylin and hemacolor [ 4 ].…”

The Science of the Five Elements in the Evolution of Humanity: Primo Vascular System (Bonghan Circulatory System)

“…If a clear map of the PVS (BHCS) network showing relationships among all parts of the body including the five organs of the Five Elements as well as the cycles of support and regulation is developed, Qi (biophotons) could be directed to target organs for treatment in acupuncture (Avijgan & Avijgan, 2013). Soh (2015) has recently proposed a hypothesis on cancer treatment: "Injecting anticancer drugs into acupoints according to the pharmacopuncture method can be effective as a result of the flow channels of the PVS, the acupoint Zusanli (ST 36) and the route of the primo vessels starting from it and running along the specific PVS paths, the sciatic nerve, spinal cord to the brain. Thus, one can deliver the drug into the brain to treat gliomas and other brain tumors, avoiding the blood-brain barrier.…”

“…Only recently, Professor Kwang-Sup Soh and his coworkers (Soh, 2004(Soh, , 2009(Soh, , 2015Lee et al, 2007Lee et al, , 2009 at Seoul National University, clearly confirmed the existence of Bonghan circulatory system (Primo Vascular System, PVS) composed of Bonghan ducts (primo vessels, PV) and corpuscles (primo nodes, PN) that correspond to the paths of traditional acupuncture meridians, by employing their modern updated technology and BHCS-specific dye, Trypan blue. The system is located on the surface of internal organs, in the brain, within the blood and lymph vessels as well as in the skin of the whole body.…”

“…Stem cells are found in BHC, suggesting that Bonghan microcells have a function of hematopoietic organ (Soh, 2009;Baik et al, 2009;Avijgan & Avijgan, 2013). Bonghan circulatory system (BHCS, PVS) may have a great significance in relation to serious health problems in modern society such as obesity and cancer (Soh, 2009(Soh, , 2015.…”

GB20 Pharmacopuncture As a Potential Method for Brain Drug Delivery via the Perivascular Spaces

“…Pharmacopuncture and acupuncture are safety and alternative approaches for therapy of diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) [1,2], such as stroke [3], Alzheimer's [4,5] and Parkinson's [6,7] diseases, epilepsy [8], Belly's palsy [9], and headache [10,11]. There are intrigue results demonstrating glioma therapy using the pharmacopuncture at Zu San Li (ST 36) [12], delivery of choroid plexus cells into the brain via pharmacopuncture at ST36 [5] and electroacupuncture stimulation of transient enhancement of the permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB) [13]. However, despite the fact that pharmacopuncture and acupuncture have been used in Oriental Medicine over 2000 years [14], the mechanisms underlying pharmacopuncture and acupuncture-mediated effects on the brain physiology remain poor understood.…”