Gross and histological evaluation of early lesions of navicular bone and deep digital flexor tendon in horses

Komosa, Marcin; Łazowski, Stanisław; Włodarek, Jan; Kowalczyk, Karolina; Charuta, Anna; Zdun, Maciej

doi:10.2478/bvip-2014-0014

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It seems, however, that the thinning of cartilage is the first symptom of lesions due to overload. Since analyses of this type were conducted in mammals, one may expect an analogy [32]. The other bird was regarded as a control.…”

Section: Osteochondritis Dissecansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osseous Pathological Changes in the White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) in its Central European Habitat

Komosa¹,

Włodarek²,

Frackowiak³

et al. 2018

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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The aim of our research was to examine bone health in white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) that died in the years 2010-2016. The research was conducted on 37 complete skeletons of eagles that came from the territories of Poland and Germany. CT and digital radiography were used in the research, and anatomical and histological analyses were carried out. We described macroscopic bone lesions in 14 birds. The most frequently found forms of pathological changes were osteophytes, which formed mainly in pelvic limbs. They were found less frequently in certain wing bones, as well as the clavicle and the sternum. In four cases, proliferative bone lesions were accompanied by osteoarthritis. Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) was diagnosed in six birds, including one in the early stages of the disease. The lesions were found in most cases in the knee joint area and affected mainly the proximal epiphysis of the tibiotarsal bone. In one bird, a macroscopic presentation typical of osteomyelitis was observed on the tarsometatarsal bone, which might have been associated with its fracture and lysis. There was also one case of lesions typical of osteosarcoma. The analysis of individual bones of each skeleton revealed that bones from pelvic limbs more often underwent pathological changes, especially the tibiotarsus and associated joints. However, it is difficult to accept this observation as a rule without research on larger material. One cannot exclude the possibility that some types of changes in bones, such as osteosarcoma and OCD, may result from poisoning with heavy metals, particularly cadmium.

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Section: Osteochondritis Dissecansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osseous Pathological Changes in the White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) in its Central European Habitat

Komosa¹,

Włodarek²,

Frackowiak³

et al. 2018

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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“…Because our study design suggested gross pathology as gold standard for diagnosing navicular disease in horses, histological changes were not taken into consideration (Blunden et al 2006a, b;Komosa et al 2014). This would particularly be a problem in early stages of the disease.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This would particularly be a problem in early stages of the disease. Because no anamnestic information about the horses was available, especially regarding the presence of lameness, our ndings rated in gross pathology were based on ndings from other authors (Blunden et al 2006a, b;Komosa et al 2014) and are not necessarily associated with clinical lameness. Due to the preparation and gross pathological examinations of the surfaces exclusively, pathological changes in the DSIL, CSL, core defects in the DDFT, subchondral changes in the navicular bone and others were excluded from the examination.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blinded Comparison of Palmaroproximal-palmarodistal-oblique and Dorsoproximal-palmarodistal Oblique Radiographic Projections With Contrast Medium in the Navicular Bursa in Dissected Horse Front Feet With Native Radiographs and Gross Pathology

Staufenbiel¹,

Gerhards²,

Koerner³

2021

Preprint

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Background: Equine palmar foot syndrome is a common cause of chronic lameness. Radiographic and ultrasound imaging are sometimes insufficient to examine the podotrochlear apparatus. MRI and CT have great diagnostic value but are expensive and are not available for all patients. Bursography might become a highly available and inexpensive diagnostic tool for this purpose.Material and Methods: To evaluate the technique, standard palmaroproximal-palmarodistal-oblique (PaPr-PaDiO ) and dorsoproximal-palmarodistal oblique (DPr-PaDiO) radiographs were acquired both before and after injecting contrast medium in the navicular bursa (NB) and were subsequently compared with gross pathology as gold standard in 48 dissected front feet. For all results a scoring system with 4 groups was introduced. Results: Compared with the gold standard, the fleiss kappa between groups were 0.349, 0.280, 0.358, and 0.455 for DPr-PaDiO, PaPr-PaDiO, DPr-PaDiO contrast enhanced (CE), and PaPr-PaDiO (CE), respectively (P < 0.001). The combined view of native images and the view of all pictures were correlated to the gold standard with a Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of 0.373 and 0.556, respectively (P < 0.001). The Kruskal-Wallis-Test did not reveal any significant difference between standard radiographs and gross pathology group 1, 2, and 3. Contrast enhanced (CE) radiographs showed significant differences between gross pathology group 1 versus 2 and 3. Group 4 feet (gross pathology score) were remarkably well evaluated by both radiographic imaging techniques. When more than two projections were graded with findings, the respective feet were found to be moderately to severely changed in gross pathology (specificity: 100 %, sensitivity: 41.4 %). 3/13 (23.1%) group 3 and 4/19 (21.1%) group 4 specimens showed altered CE radiographs and unremarkable native radiographs. 2/13 (15.4%) group 3 and 2/19 (10.5%) group 4 feet do not have any findings in radiographs. Conclusion: In the present study, bursography with two additional CE images led to more information on the podotrochlear apparatus compared to native radiographs alone. Some cases with no changes in native radiographs will be detected in bursography, and in specimens with altered native radiographs, the diagnosis will be ensured. Therefore, bursography is a useful tool for diagnosing horses with suspected navicular disease when an MRI is not possible or the NB is injected anyway for therapeutic purposes.

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“…The accumulation of small injuries during gallop and jumping can be the key cause of pathological changes of the distal sesamoid bone. The type of ground most often used in training of the horse is also important (Komosa et al 2014).…”

Section: Breed and Morphotypementioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into the pathomorphology of the distal border of the equine navicular bone

et al. 2017

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Pathological changes of the equine navicular bone are found in a variety of forms in numerous old and also relatively young horses. Therefore, investigations on this small bone are of major practical significance. The current article presents a view of the alterations observed on the distal aspect of the bone and analyzes their origin and importance. As a result of pressure subjected by the deep digital flexor tendon and adaptive remodelling of the bone tissue, distal border of the navicular bone extends and becomes sharpened. Osseous distal border fragments may be a consequence of this phenomenon. However, the origin of fragments is also associated with the development of entheseophytes on the margins, which can result from stress induced by the distal impar sesamoid ligament. The authors are not unanimous about the clinical importance of fragments, but it seems that the most dangerous are large-sized ones, especially when occurring together with other lesions. An important issue is also the alterations of the nutrient foramina located on the distal border, due to the main role of this surface in blood supply. Changes in the size and shape of pathological synovial invaginations can be a sign of circulatory disturbances and abnormal turnover of the bone tissue. Some researchers link synovial invaginations to cases of lameness, but their importance is still enigmatic. Majority of studies focus on warmblood horses, and a lower interest in coldblood horses can be seen. Nonetheless, certain data are a strong argument that the breed and morphotype can affect the frequency of adverse changes.

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Gross and histological evaluation of early lesions of navicular bone and deep digital flexor tendon in horses

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Osseous Pathological Changes in the White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) in its Central European Habitat

Osseous Pathological Changes in the White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) in its Central European Habitat

Blinded Comparison of Palmaroproximal-palmarodistal-oblique and Dorsoproximal-palmarodistal Oblique Radiographic Projections With Contrast Medium in the Navicular Bursa in Dissected Horse Front Feet With Native Radiographs and Gross Pathology

Insight into the pathomorphology of the distal border of the equine navicular bone

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