Gross Anatomy of the Female Genital Organs of the Domestic Donkey (<i>Equus asinus</i>Linné, 1758)

Renner-Martin, T. F. P.; Forstenpointner, Gerhard; Weissengruber, G. E.; Eberhardt, L.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0264.2008.00911.x

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The average dimensions of the excised ovaries in our study were similar to those reported for jennies [45]; in relation to their body mass, jennies have an internal reproductive tract more developed than mollies [43,45], although smaller than horse mares [26,45].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Laparoscopic Ovariectomy in Standing Mule Mares

Petrizzi

Straticò

Cuomo

et al. 2020

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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Mules are hybrids bred from the mating of a jack donkey and a horse mare, known for their strength and resistance and still used to work in agriculture. Although they have been for long considered sterile, evidence of estrus cycle has been demonstrated together with abnormal behavior related to ovarian activity. In this study, a bilateral standing laparoscopic ovariectomy technique using the LigaSure technology was applied in 10 mare mules for treating unwanted behavioral patterns. The technique was effectively performed on these animals avoiding the risk of general anesthesia, and the use of the LigaSure technology allowed good hemostasis and reduced surgical time. Owners declared to be satisfied with the resolution of the behavior.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Laparoscopic Ovariectomy in Standing Mule Mares

Petrizzi

Straticò

Cuomo

et al. 2020

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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“…Compared with horse mares, jennies have a longer, tighter, and narrower cervix and a smaller reproductive tract (e.g. Brazilian Northeastern), making the insertion and progression more laborious through the cervix to the uterus for ET (Renner‐Martin et al., 2009). It has been described in mares that excessive manipulation of the cervix during ET can lead to a prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) release and subsequent luteolysis of the corpus luteum followed by a decrease of progesterone plasma concentrations and pregnancy failure (Kask et al., 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two successful embryo transfers of mini‐donkey embryos in Brazilian Northeastern jennies using an alternative method: Case report

Rodrigues

Segabinazzi

Oliveira

et al. 2021

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Pregnancy rates after embryo transfer (ET) are disappointing in donkey species. This study aims to report two successful ET of mini‐donkey embryos using Brazilian Northeastern jennies as recipients. Eighteen embryo flushes were performed 9 days post‐ovulation in two non‐pregnant mini‐donkeys jennies (11 and 7 cycles per jenny). Eleven embryos (61%, 11/18) were collected and transferred to Brazilian Northeastern jennies 4–6 days post‐ovulation by conventional (n = 6) or an alternative (n = 5) technique. The alternative method consisted of inserting a Polansky equine vaginal speculum smeared with lubricant in the vagina of the recipient jenny. The arms of the speculum were extended to allow the visualization of the cervix. Then, using an adapted crafted, elongated, toothed tissue grasping forceps, the external cervical os was held, and the cervix was gently pulled backward, aiming to straight the cervical canal. The ET gun was inserted through the vagina and cervix by visual inspection, and the embryo was released into the uterine lumen. All embryos collected were Grade 1 and classified as Expanded Blastocysts. No jennies become pregnant after conventional ET (0/6), whereas two recipient jennies (40%, 2/5) become pregnant and delivered offspring in the following year after ET using the alternative technique. In conclusion, Brazilian Northeastern jennies can be used as embryo recipients using the alternative method proposed in the present study. However, further investigations are needed to improve the knowledge and results of ET in donkey species.

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“…Although the jenny is very similar in many reproductive aspects to the mare [ 26 ], asinine female reproductive tract reveals several peculiarities compared to the mare. Indeed, jenny has all the vulva under the pelvis floor and higher vaginal vestibule inclination than mare [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Furthermore, jennies have a relatively longer cervix with more tortuous folds [ 18 , 27 , 28 ] that protrudes into the vagina making artificial insemination more difficult and the ability to conceive after insemination poorer than in mares [ 11 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These differences in the anatomy and physiology of the mare’s and jenny’s reproductive tract may predispose the jenny to endometrial inflammation. The conformation of the cervix [ 18 , 29 ] and the lower accumulation of fluid in the endometrium during estrus [ 19 ] favor the development of post-insemination endometritis, since they have different uterine cleaning mechanisms than the mare. Research on the endometrial environment in the donkey is scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endometrial Cytology During the Different Phases of the Estrous Cycle in Jennies: New Evidences

Quartuccio

Cristarella

Medica

et al. 2020

Animals

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Since in the mare and other animal species such as bitches and cats, the endometrial cell pattern varies depending on the phase of the estrous cycle, the aim of this study was to describe and quantify the endometrial cytological (EC) findings in cycling jennies. EC of eight nonpregnant jennies by cytobrush (CB) at diestrus (day 1 and day 14) and estrous (day 21) were evaluated. All slides were stained with Wright´s stain and microscopically examined at both 400× and 1000× magnification. Seven high-power fields (400×) were assessed in each smear and the endometrial epithelial cells and neutrophils (PMNs) were counted. Endometrial epithelial cells were classified as intact, distorted or fragmented and, on the basis of the presence of dense groups, in monolayer or single clusters. Cytoplasmic characteristics, such as vacuolation or streaming and size, form, position of nuclear characteristics, including karyorrhexis, were recorded. Background aspect, as clear, proteinaceous, or debris, was also considered. In general, sampling by CB provided a yield of cells and clumped endometrial epithelial cells in many smears, being more abundant in estrus than early and late diestrus. Individual endometrial epithelial cells, during estrous, presented a columnar morphology, ciliated or not ciliated and basal nuclei. During diestrus phase, endometrial epithelial cells presented a more cuboidal ciliated or not ciliated morphology. Moderate amount of proteinacious material and red blood cells (RBC) was also observed. Non variation in the percentage of PMNs during diestrus was obtained, but lower and segmented PMNs in CB smears were shown in estrous. This study provides new insights on the physiological changes of endometrial epithelial cells in cycling jennies during the estrus cycle. The CB technique represents a suitable and adequate method for endometrial evaluation, taking into account cytological and/or cytopathological purposes also in jennies.

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Gross Anatomy of the Female Genital Organs of the Domestic Donkey (Equus asinusLinné, 1758)

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Laparoscopic Ovariectomy in Standing Mule Mares

Laparoscopic Ovariectomy in Standing Mule Mares

Two successful embryo transfers of mini‐donkey embryos in Brazilian Northeastern jennies using an alternative method: Case report

Endometrial Cytology During the Different Phases of the Estrous Cycle in Jennies: New Evidences

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