Grisel syndrome, acute otitis media, and temporo-mandibular reactive arthritis: A rare association

Martins, Jefferson Soares; Almeida, Sofia; Nunes, Pedro; Prata, Filipa; Lobo, Maria; Marques, José Gonçalo

doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.05.030

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The condition was later named after the Frenchman Pierre Grisel (1869–1959) who reported two patients with AAS coinciding with nasopharyngeal inflammation [ 2 ]. Since then, acquired Grisel syndrome has been described after otorhinolaryngological surgical procedures such as tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ], after nasopharyngeal soft tissue inflammation, Kawasaki syndrome (cervical lymphadenopathy, necrotizing microvasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis of mucosa of mouth and throat), and retropharyngeal abscess secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Grisel syndrome is primarily found in the pediatric population with 68% of cases occurring in patients under the age of 12 years [ 9 ] and a total of 90% under the age of 21 [ 10 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Imaging as the Primary Imaging Modality in Children Presenting with Inflammatory Nontraumatic Atlantoaxial Rotatory Subluxation

2021

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Inflammatory nontraumatic atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation (AAS) in children is an often-missed diagnosis, especially in the early stages of disease. Abscess formation and spinal cord compression are serious risks that call for immediate surgical attention. Neither radiographs nor non-enhanced computed tomography (CT) images sufficiently indicate inflammatory processes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows a thorough evaluation of paraspinal soft tissues, joints, and ligaments. In addition, it can show evidence of vertebral distraction and spinal cord compression. After conducting a scoping review of the literature, along with scientific and practical considerations, we outlined a standardized pediatric MRI protocol for suspected inflammatory nontraumatic AAS. We recommend contrast-enhanced MRI as the primary diagnostic imaging modality in children with signs of torticollis in combination with nasopharyngeal inflammatory or ear nose and throat (ENT) surgical history.

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