GRIN Lens Coupled Top-Illuminated Highly Linear InGaAs Photodiodes

Joshi, Abhay; Datta, Shubhashish; Becker, Don

doi:10.1109/lpt.2008.928532

Cited by 34 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In the RF domain the distortion signals at and are then at least 96 dB and 112 dB below the fundamental signal, respectively. To cast these into intercept values, the maximum fundamental RF power arising from the -lines is approximately HZ) dBm; since the -th order intercept point may be expressed as (in dBm) (12) where CD is the carrier-to-distortion ratio (in dB), we see the intercept points corresponding to the apparent distortion levels are dBm and dBm-these values are substantially higher that the intercepts thus-far demonstrated in state-of-the-art photodiodes [35].…”

Section: A Comb/rf Tone Generation and Measurement Limitsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Optical Comb Sources and High-Resolution Optical Filtering for Measurement of Photodiode Harmonic Distortion

McKinney

Leaird

Hastings

et al. 2010

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-In this work we preset a new technique for measurement of harmonic distortion in microwave photodiodes. Our technique combines optical combs and high-resolution optical filtering to provide a pure optical two-tone excitation of the photodiode. Our technique removes the challenges presented by laser frequency drift and modulator bias control by utilizing a single laser and phase-modulation to synthesize the optical combs. We demonstrate our technique through measurement of the harmonic distortion generated in a commercial InGaAs photodiode and compare our results with those obtained via phase-locked laser measurements. We show that this technique provides essentially equivalent measurement fidelity to phase-locked laser techniques while offering decreased system complexity. We additionally provide a general discussion of the limits of nonlinearity measurements performed using optical heterodyne techniques.

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Section: A Comb/rf Tone Generation and Measurement Limitsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Optical Comb Sources and High-Resolution Optical Filtering for Measurement of Photodiode Harmonic Distortion

McKinney

Leaird

Hastings

et al. 2010

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…It is a top-illuminated InGaAs packaged diode that employs an integrated graded-index (GRIN) lens at the end of its coupling fiber, SMF. The GRIN lens shapes the optical beam to produce a more uniform illumination profile (flat-top rather than Gaussian) on the photodiode; this suppresses peak photocurrent density and more effectively illuminates the whole diode [7] [8]. This diode is internally Ω.…”

Section: Test Diodes and Lasermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ultimately, this affects the overall phase noise of the generated microwave signal. Increasing the bias voltage is one way of improving power-to-phase fluctuations; however, device failure due to runaway of dark current occurs when a bias voltage gets too large [8] [14].…”

Section: Am-to-pm Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase noise in the photodetection of ultrashort optical pulses

Taylor

Quinlan

Hati

et al. 2010

2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium

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Femtosecond laser frequency combs provide an effective and efficient way to take an ultra-stable optical frequency reference and divide the signal down into the microwave region. In order to convert optical pulses into a usable RF signal, one must use high-speed photodetection; unfortunately, excess phase noise from both technical and fundamental sources can arise in the photodetection process. In order to ultimately minimize the noise effects of the photodetector, we must first characterize some of the known sources for noise arising in these devices. In this paper, we will study two sources of excess noise in high-speed photodiodespower-to-phase conversion and shot noise. The noise performance of each device will give us clues as to the nature of the sources, their effect on the output signal, and what design features of the photodiode minimize these noise effects.

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“…It should be pointed out that the Taylor series expansion in Eq. 2implies memoryless non-linearities in the photodiode [7,8]. Figure 2 plots the IMD3 (both two-tone and threetone) calculated using this model.…”

Section: Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interactions between non-linearities in the optical source and photodiode can lead to distortion cancellation or distortion enhancement and as such introduces errors into the measured photodiode OIP3. Currently, various techniques are used to determine the IMD3 of photodiodes [6][7][8]. The key issue is to ensure that when two closely spaced pure radio frequency (RF) tones are incident on the device, the resulting IMD3 measured should emanate entirely from the distortion of the photodiode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of intermodulation distortion in high-linearity photodiodes

Ramaswamy¹,

Nunoya²,

Williams³

et al. 2010

Opt. Express

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Accurately characterizing third order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) in high-linearity photodiodes is challenging. Two measurement techniques are evaluated-a standard two-tone measurement and a more complicated three-tone measurement technique to measure IMD3. A model of the measurement system is developed and used to analyze the limitations of the two techniques in determining the distortion of highly linear photodiodes. Experimental validation is provided by comparing the simulation trends with IMD3 results measured on two types of waveguide photodiodes: 1) an InP based uni-traveling-carrier (UTC) photodiode and 2) a Ge n-i-p waveguide photodetector on Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) substrate.

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GRIN Lens Coupled Top-Illuminated Highly Linear InGaAs Photodiodes

Cited by 34 publications

References 8 publications

Optical Comb Sources and High-Resolution Optical Filtering for Measurement of Photodiode Harmonic Distortion

Optical Comb Sources and High-Resolution Optical Filtering for Measurement of Photodiode Harmonic Distortion

Phase noise in the photodetection of ultrashort optical pulses

Measurement of intermodulation distortion in high-linearity photodiodes

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