Grey mould of the globe artichoke in Argentina

Abstract

During the growing season 2000-2001, symptoms of rot and brown to black mummified buds were observed on artichoke plants cultivated in Arana, Buenos Aires, Argentina, an area of intensive horticulture production. The present study was undertaken in order to determine the aetiology of the disease. The fungus isolated was identified as Botrytis cinerea. Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating buds of globe artichoke plants and cut buds with a spore suspension. Inoculated plants and cut buds developed symptoms and spores characteristic of grey mould. B. cinerea was re-isolated from inoculated buds. This work confirms the presence the grey mould, caused by Botrytis cinerea, on artichoke in Argentina.

Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde Enginar baş çürüklüğü (Botrytis cinerea Pers.) hastalığının yaygınlığı ve üretime etkisinin belirlenmesi

“…To our knowledge, these findings could be regarded as first perceptible data that shows prevalence of B. cinerea on globe artichoke and economic losses caused by the fungus in globe artichoke production in the world. The disease was reported in USA (Link et al 1924) and Argentina (Larran et al 2004) but this is the first report of B. cinerea causing head rot on globe artichoke in Turkey.…”

“…However, Moline and Upton (1987) underscored that Botrytis rot was the most common market disease of globe artichoke. Apart from these, Larran et al (2004) reported it as a disease note in Argentina. Thus, little is known about B. cinerea in the globe artichoke production.…”

Most Common Fungal Diseases of Globe Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) Production Areas

“…It has also been reported that globe artichoke heads are more prone to the formation of Gray mold disease in plants with calcium deficiency (Francois et al,1991). Larran et al (2004), it has been reported that the disease pathogen is gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) with isolation and pathogenicity tests performed in brownish and black mummification parts of diseased plant heads in Argentine globe artichoke areas. In our study, it was observed that the snail population was very high in the Güzelyurt and Gazimağusa regions, where the Gray mold was fastness, in the globe artichoke areas.…”

“…In areas where globe artichoke cultivation has been carried out for many years, there is a decrease in economic efficiency caused by important plant diseases and seasonal improper climatic conditions. It has been reported by various researchers that some important fungal diseases such as Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae), White mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), Downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) and Powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica) cause serious problems in the globe artichoke production in the World (Oin et al, 2008;Matos 2009;Doley and Jite, 2012;Larran and et al, 2004;Sherf and Macnab, 1986;Carranza et al, 2001;Agrios 2005). The study was carried out on the presence of economically restricting diseases of the globe artichoke produced extensively in the NC and increasing the complaints of farmers.…”

Phylogeny and Pathogenicity of Phytophthora Species Associated with Artichoke Crown and Root Rot and Description of Phytophthora marrasii sp. nov.

“…Other fungal pathogens associated with artichoke crops worldwide are Athelia rolfsii (syn. Sclerotium rolfsii), Rhizoctonia solani, two crown rot agents, and Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of the disease known as gray mould rot [23][24][25][26][27]. In Sardinia, A. rolfsii and R. solani are considered the main yield-limiting factors due to their virulence and ability to persist in the soil through long-living sclerotial structures [23,24,28].…”