Greener Electrochemical Synthesis of High Quality Graphene Nanosheets Directly from Pencil and its SPR Sensing Application

Singh, Virendra; Gupta, Garima; Batra, Anirudh; Nigam, Aditya; Boopathi, Mannan; Gutch, P. K.; Tripathi, Brajesh; Srivastava, Ambuj; Samuel, Merwyn; Agarwal, G. S.; Singh, Beer; Vijayaraghavan, R.

doi:10.1002/adfm.201102525

Cited by 138 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…G band is a signature of true hexagonal carbon rings that arise from in-plane C-C bond-stretching motions, physically corresponding to¯rst-order scattering of the E 2g phonon at the Brillouin zone center and 2D band, which is a frequency dependence of the excitation laser energy corresponds to second-order sp 2 Raman signature by two-phonon scattering processes. [34][35][36][37]46 The high intensity and broadened D and G bands of FLGNs may indicate adequate interaction of Raman signal to small domains of FLGNSs as compared to spectrum in Fig. 5(a).…”

Section: Raman Spectroscopy Analysismentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The strong absorbance peak at 228 nm for both the exfoliated samples is due to -Ã electronic transitions of aromatic C¼C bond present in sp 2 network structure in GO sheets. 37,46 The comparatively higher absorbance in case of Fig. 7(a) is attributed to signi¯cant restoration of carbon aromatic structure at optimum acidic concentration (i.e., 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 ) of electrolytic exfoliation.…”

Section: Uv-visible Analysismentioning

confidence: 96%

“…3(c)) at 11.65 , corresponding to the presence of oxygenation on the basal plane of FLGNSs, i.e., graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets. 46 The corresponding d-spacing value is 0.76 nm. The ample availability and energetic intercalation of SO 2À 4 ions might be a reason for the generation of oxygen gas along with other side reactions and the formation of CO 2 and CO between the strati¯ed layers of graphite electrode facilitating hydroxylation to the surface and edges of FLGNSs.…”

Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simple, Fast and Cost-Effective Electrochemical Synthesis of Few Layer Graphene Nanosheets

Sahoo

Mallik

2015

NANO

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We report an e±cient and green approach for mass production of few layered graphene nanosheets (FLGNSs) by intercalation and exfoliation of pyrolytic graphite sheet in a simple protic, H 2 SO 4 electrolyte. The as-prepared FLGNSs at the optimum intercalate concentration of 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 is able to produce large domain of lateral dimension of 11-26 m consisting of 4-6 stacked graphene layers, as con¯rmed by¯eld emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. Surface oxygenation and a characteristic absorbance peak at 228 nm are well observed for electrochemical exfoliated FLGNSs from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectra respectively. (002) planes of the obtained graphene sheets have been con¯rmed from X-ray di®raction pattern. The characteristic Raman bands have been observed at 1354 cm À1 and 1590 cm À1 in the exfoliated FLGNSs.

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Section: Raman Spectroscopy Analysismentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Uv-visible Analysismentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simple, Fast and Cost-Effective Electrochemical Synthesis of Few Layer Graphene Nanosheets

Sahoo

Mallik

2015

NANO

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“…Gr can be obtained from graphite by mechanical cleavage (Jayasena and Subbiah, 2011), chemical exfoliation , thermal decomposition (Wang et al, 2012), or electrochemical exfoliation (Low et al, 2013). Among other methods, electrochemical exfoliation of graphite electrode is considered a simple, rapid, and "green" method, as the use of toxic or corrosive reducing reagents or stabilizers are avoided in this method (Su et al, 2011;Singh et al, 2012;Chang et al, 2013;Gee et al, 2013;Mao et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Selective Mercury Detection at Partially Oxidized Graphene/Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(Styrenesulfonate) Nanocomposite Film-Modified Electrode

et al. 2014

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Partially oxidized graphene flakes (po-Gr) were obtained from graphite electrode by an electrochemical exfoliation method. As-produced po-Gr flakes were dispersed in water with the assistance of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). The po-Gr flakes and the po-Gr/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite (po-Gr/PEDOT:PSS) were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, we demonstrated the potential use of po-Gr/PEDOT:PSS electrode in electrochemical detection of mercury ions (Hg 2+ ) in water samples. The presence of po-Gr sheets in PEDOT:PSS film greatly enhanced the electrochemical response for Hg 2+ . Cyclic voltammetry measurements showed a well-defined Hg 2+ redox peaks with a cathodic peak at 0.23V, and an anodic peak at 0.42V. Using differential pulse stripping voltammetry, detection of Hg 2+ was achieved in the range of 0.2-14 µM (R 2 = 0.991), with a limit of detection of 0.19 µM for Hg 2+ . The electrode performed satisfactorily for sensitive and selective detection of Hg 2+ in real samples, and the po-Gr/PEDOT:PSS film remains stable on the electrode surface for repeated use.Therefore, our method is potentially suitable for routine Hg 2+ sensing in environmental water samples.

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“…Recently, Singh et al demonstrated a green and simple method to synthesis the graphene nano-sheets from a pencil using the electrochemical exfoliation [27]. The bulk charcoal structure in a pencil is confirmed to be similar with graphite that contains multi-layer graphene.…”

Section: Hybrid Mode Locked Fiber Ring Laser Using Charcoal Nano-partmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Mode Locked Fiber Ring Laser

Li¹,

Zhang²

2017

Preprint

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Mode locked pulse generation has been reported using both active and passive mode locking schemes. Active mode locking technique has been proven to be an effective way to generate high-repetition-rate pulses by incorporating a modulator inside the laser cavity. Compared to actively mode locked lasers, passively mode locked lasers can generate pulse train at ultrashort pulse width but with relatively lower repetition rate. Thus, it is a brilliant idea to build a hybrid mode locked system combining both active and passive mode lockers. In this review, several hybrid mode locked fiber ring laser systems are discussed and summarized. Hybrid mode locking is a promising method to generate high speed ultrashort optical pulses for fiber-optic telecommunication system.

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Greener Electrochemical Synthesis of High Quality Graphene Nanosheets Directly from Pencil and its SPR Sensing Application

Cited by 138 publications

References 62 publications

Simple, Fast and Cost-Effective Electrochemical Synthesis of Few Layer Graphene Nanosheets

Simple, Fast and Cost-Effective Electrochemical Synthesis of Few Layer Graphene Nanosheets

Highly Selective Mercury Detection at Partially Oxidized Graphene/Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(Styrenesulfonate) Nanocomposite Film-Modified Electrode

Hybrid Mode Locked Fiber Ring Laser

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