Green Tobacco Sickness: A Brief Review

Fotedar, Shailee; Fotedar, Vikas

doi:10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_160_17

Cited by 38 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The use of socks during work with tobacco is associated with a 6.32-fold increase in the chance of developing GTS, as presented in Table 3. wet tobacco and wet clothes. These socio-environmental factors increase nicotine absorption and are well described in ancient and recent studies (3,5,13,18,22) . In this same perspective, the relationship between inhalation of tobacco dust in sheds during curing and GTS can be highlighted, as evidenced in a study in Korea, which reports the presence of high concentrations of nicotine in the air in the work places evaluated in cultivation, harvesting and tobacco curing (6) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Meanwhile, some studies claim that because of the tobacco harvest period, when temperatures are high, associated with wet tobacco handling and wearing boots and socks, sweating is increased, favoring the increase of transdermal nicotine absorption, as described in different international and national studies (5,9,22) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This barrier is what induces high rainfalls in the coastal Atlantic forest zone) and in the city of Vale do Rio Pardo,, in Rio Grande do Sul. Otherwise, in some studies it has been confirmed that there was an association of GTS with age (5,22) , the work type performed (22) , wet clothes (3) , exclusive participation in tobacco cultivation (18) , work in tobacco leaf harvesting (5,18) , work for less than five years in tobacco farming (18) , presence of the disease in previous years, contract workers, breaking tobacco leaves from the top of the plant (10) , act of hanging tobacco in the barn, exposure to physical effort, tying tobacco with hands, transporting burdens and contacting pesticides (5) . Some associations were not demonstrated in this study and others were not associated with GTS and may be related to the tobacco type studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…There are divergences in the studies about the relation of the habit of use of tobacco products and GTS, but most of these researches (5,(12)(13)18,22) shows evidence that there is a greater risk of developing GTS in nonsmokers. In contrast, for Thai tobacco workers, who were smokers, there was no protective effect on GTS (3) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Socio-environmental risks associated with the green tobacco sickness in farmers: a case-control study

et al. 2019

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Objective: to determine the presence of socio-environmental risk factors for the development of Green Tobacco Sickness in workers who grow Burley tobacco. Method: matched case-control study. The data collection took place in two moments: from December 2016 to January 2017 and December 2017, when the Burley tobacco was collected, through a household survey with interview application and urine collection for urinary cotinine. Results: the socio-environmental risk factors that remained associated with the disease were: bundling tobacco (p=0.047) and wearing socks (p=0.011); with protective effect were found sticking tobacco seeding of the day (p=0.006) and number of tobacco harvested per day (p=0.021). Conclusion: the steps in the Burley tobacco work process increase the exposure and risk of developing the disease. By identifying these factors, it is possible to address interdisciplinary control and prevention measures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Socio-environmental risks associated with the green tobacco sickness in farmers: a case-control study

et al. 2019

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“…(Arcury et al 2003a, b) In a recent review, conducted on GTS, the prevalence of GTS varies from 8.2 to 47% globally (Fotedar and Fotedar 2017). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensive tobacco cultivations, a possible public health risk?

Masanotti

Abbafati

Petrella

et al. 2019

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The cultivation of tobacco has serious consequences for the environment: it impoverishes the soil by assimilating its nutrients, it involves an intensive use of highly polluting pesticides, it perturbs the ecosystem through deforestation, and it releases nicotine into the environment, which is toxic for humans. Italy is the first producer of raw tobacco in Europe and the Valtiberina area is among the most profitable. The first cultivations can be reconducted to the period around 1400. The objective of this experimental work is to verify the sustainability of tobacco cultivation near other crops using nicotine as an indicator. The nicotine on medicinal and wild plants adjacent to tobacco crops has been analyzed, assessing whether it is present or not and which is the concentration. To measure the nicotine present with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), LC/MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) method was used with LOQ (quantification limit) of 0.005 mg/kg. A total of 300 lots of aromatic herbs were sampled, and nicotine was detected in 82.3% of the samples in 2015 and 62.9% in 2016. Furthermore, in 2015, 121 samples of wild material were analyzed, of which 88.4% showed traces of nicotine. These first results indicate a possible potential threat for the population health. This shows that the tobacco cultivation should not be in close proximity to other plantation destined for nutrition, neither for man and nor animals. The elevated impact of nicotine on the ecosystem has negative consequences not only for the economy but it is also a potential public health threat.

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Cannabis

Phalen¹

2020

Patty's Industrial Hygiene

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The cannabis industry has burgeoned in recent years and industrial hygienists are becoming more involved with the protection of workers who cultivate, harvest, process, and distribute these goods to the public. Law enforcement agencies involved with this industry also need to be aware of the associated hazards and controls necessary to protect their agents. To protect workers, industrial hygienists need to understand the production processes, goods produced, and be informed of the recognized hazards within the industry. The biological hazards include exposures to mold, allergens, and sensitizers. The chemical hazards include exposures to cannabinoids and terpenes from the Cannabis sativa plant, pesticides used during cultivation, extraction solvents, carbon dioxide used to enhance plant growth or in processing extracts, and carbon monoxide from combustion sources. The physical hazards include ergonomic issues with cultivation and harvesting, exposure to UV light outside and within indoor grow operations, heat stress, and potentially noise. The aim is to provide industrial hygienists enough background information and technical knowledge for proper recognition, evaluation, and control of the various known biological, chemical, and physical hazards associated with the industry, with a major focus on medical and recreational marijuana production.

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Green Tobacco Sickness: A Brief Review

Cited by 38 publications

References 16 publications

Socio-environmental risks associated with the green tobacco sickness in farmers: a case-control study

Socio-environmental risks associated with the green tobacco sickness in farmers: a case-control study

Intensive tobacco cultivations, a possible public health risk?

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