‘Green-tea’ extract soldered triple interpenetrating polymer network membranes for water remediation

Polyoxometalate nanocluster-infused triple IPN hydrogels for excellent microplastic removal from contaminated water: detection, photodegradation, and upcycling

“…An IPN is formed by combining two or more polymer networks, with at least one polymer synthesized or crosslinked in the presence of others, resulting in an interconnected network structure. 12–14 The focus here is on a unique semi-IPN structure composed of PVS, CS, and the sequential polymerization of the PANI polymer from the aniline monomer within the existing networks. 12,15 The innovative triple IPN architecture allows for customizable hydrogel formation, offering a tunable pore size and mechanical flexibility, enhancing efficient MP adsorption and capturing with its three-dimensional configuration.…”

“…12,15 The innovative triple IPN architecture allows for customizable hydrogel formation, offering a tunable pore size and mechanical flexibility, enhancing efficient MP adsorption and capturing with its three-dimensional configuration. 12,13 Besides, the established reusability and compatibility with diverse water remediation techniques make these hydrogels versatile and sustainable options for combating the escalating issue ofMPs pollution in aquatic ecosystems. 7,11,16…”

Tuning the surface charge and pore size of IPNs arrests covalent organic nanostructures through in situ exchangeable bonds for the removal of persistent contaminants

“…Thus, within the realm of robust recyclable membranes, we studied the amalgamation of interpenetrating polymeric network-based membranes infused with a novel covalent organic framework (COF). 12–14…”