Green tea extract prevents obesity in male mice by alleviating gut dysbiosis in association with improved intestinal barrier function that limits endotoxin translocation and adipose inflammation

Green Tea Extract Treatment in Obese Mice with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Restores the Hepatic Metabolome in Association with Limiting Endotoxemia‐TLR4‐NFκB‐Mediated Inflammation

“…[50] Further, we reported that GTE attenuated endotoxemia in association with alleviating gut dysbiosis in obese mice. [12] That it increased microbial diversity [12] and also the UDCA-producing bacterium Ruminococcus gnavus [51] supports, at least in part, a gut-level mechanism by which GTE protects against NASH. Thus, integrated metabolomic and metagenomic studies are warranted to establish the complex mechanisms acting along the gut-liver axis during NASH.…”

“…[9] Thus, catechins themselves and/or their metabolites may alleviate inflammation in NASH consistent with evidence in vitro that EGCG or valerolactones limit NFκB activation and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. [10,11] GTE in mice alleviates hepatic and adipose TLR4/NFκB-mediated inflammation, [6,12] and both GTE and NASH independently influence the metabolome. [13,14] However, whether alterations in the hepatic metabolome by GTE are associated with its benefits on TLR4/NFκB inflammation in NASH are not known despite evidence from metabolomics studies in obese mice showing that GTE restored otherwise dysregulated levels of serum and hepatic lipid and energy metabolites associated with βoxidation.…”

Alleviation of Metabolic Endotoxemia by Milk Fat Globule Membrane: Rationale, Design, and Methods of a Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Dietary Intervention in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome

“…Thus, this intervention is expected to provide novel evidence supporting MFGM to help reduce MetS risk consistent with a mechanism that improves intestinal barrier functions to reduce endotoxin-TLR4-NFκB inflammation. These outcomes are expected therefore to support research translation of earlier preclinical investigations indicating that MFGM or its bioactive constituents protect against metabolic derangements resulting from obesity and insulin resistance ( 20 , 53 , 63 ).…”

“…Microbiota composition will be assessed from fecal samples collected on day 13 of each study period as we described ( 53 ). In brief, total DNA is extracted and subjected to MiSeq sequencing on an Illumina platform using the 2 × 300 paired-end protocol ( 54 ).…”

Effects of Standardized Green Tea Extract and Its Main Component, EGCG, on Mitochondrial Function and Contractile Performance of Healthy Rat Cardiomyocytes

“…Among the many biological effects attributed to green tea, catechins were found to be associated with potential anticancer activity [ 6 , 7 , 8 ], to interact with gut microbiota [ 9 , 10 ], and to protect against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis [ 11 , 12 ]. More interestingly, for the purpose of the present work, green tea catechins improved cardiovascular and metabolic health [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], one aspect of which was the provision of protection against diet-induced obesity [ 17 ]. Mechanisms involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and reduction of tissue inflammation [ 18 , 19 ], mitochondrial function improvement, and transcriptional control of genes involved in the adaptive response to oxidative stress [ 20 ] have been reported.…”