Green synthesized selenium nanoparticles using Spermacoce hispida as carrier of s-allyl glutathione: to accomplish hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activity against acetaminophen toxicity

Abstract

s-allyl glutathione (SAG) an analogue of glutathione is explored for its antioxidative and liver protection property in recent years. Selenium nanoparticles (Sh-SeNPs) were synthesized using medicinal plant Spermacoce hispida and conjugated with SAG (SAG-Sh-SeNPs). SAG-Sh-SeNPs and Sh-SeNPs were characterized using by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and zeta potential analysis. SAG-Sh-SeNPs and Sh-SeNPs were evaluated against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver and kidney injury in rat. Pretreatment of NPs attenuated the APAP toxicity-induced elevation of kidney and liver injury markers in the blood circulation. Histological observation showed that NPs pretreatment protected the morphology of liver and kidney tissue. SAG-Sh-SeNPs showed enhanced protection against APAP toxicity in comparison to Sh-SeNPs due to synergistic effect of SAG and Sh-SeNPs. SAG-Sh-SeNPs protected the liver and kidney against APAP toxicity through reducing oxidative stress, enhancing endogenous antioxidants and protecting mitochondrial functions.

Using Green Biosynthesized Lycopene-Coated Selenium Nanoparticles to Rescue Renal Damage in Glycerol-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Rats

“… 3 , 45 , 46 Interestingly, green synthesized SeNPs using LYC provided more significant renoprotection than using sodium selenite or LYC alone. Krishnan et al 24 reported that SeNPs loaded with Spermacoce hispida exhibited many nephroprotective and hepatoprotective effects against acetaminophen toxicity compared to the sole treatment with SeNPs in rats. Similarly, Ramamurthy et al 26 stated that green synthesized SeNPs using fenugreek seed extract notably inhibited the cell growth in human breast cancer cells in dose-dependent manner.…”

“… 23 Instead of the chemical method, great attention has been drawn recently to the eco-friendly or green synthesis of SeNPS using biomolecules (plant proteins and polysaccharides) as a capping agent during processing. 24–26 The eco-friendly approach for SeNPs synthesis is better than other physical and chemical methods due to its low cost, minimum hazard, and high potency. 26 Recent studies stated that treatment with green synthesized SeNPs had noticeable antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities.…”

“… 26 Recent studies stated that treatment with green synthesized SeNPs had noticeable antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities. 24 , 27 …”

Nanodrugs alleviate acute kidney injury: Manipulate RONS at kidney

“…Among these, selenium, phosphorus, and carbon are essential elements for human physiology [ 183 , 184 ]. Currently, nanoparticles based on these elements have been adopted for AKI treatment, with excellent therapeutic effects and extremely low side effects [ [185] , [186] , [187] , [188] , [189] ]. For example, Rosenkranz et al adopted selenium-doped carbon quantum dots (SeCQDs) for AKI antioxidant therapy ( Fig.…”

The Effects of Selenium on Bone Health: From Element to Therapeutics

“…Selenium nanoparticles have been shown to possess therapeutic potential against various cancer cells, microbial pathogens, and viruses and protect from hepatic diseases [218,[248][249][250], diabetes [251][252][253], and neurological diseases [254][255][256]. However, few studies have reported the therapeutic effects of selenium nanoparticles on bone-related conditions.…”