Green Synthesized of Thymus vulgaris Chitosan Nanoparticles Induce Relative WRKY-Genes Expression in Solanum lycopersicum against Fusarium solani, the Causal Agent of Root Rot Disease

Abstract

Fusarium solani is a plant pathogenic fungus that causes tomato root rot disease and yield losses in tomato production. The current study’s main goal is testing the antibacterial efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with Thyme vulgaris essential oil (ThE-CsNPs) against F. solani in vitro and in vivo. GC-MS analysis was used to determine the chemical constituents of thyme EO. ThE-CsNPs were investigated using transmission electron microscopy before being physicochemically characterized using FT-IR. ThE-CsNPs were tested for antifungal activity against F. solani mycelial growth in vitro. A pot trial was conducted to determine the most effective dose of ThE-CsNPs on the morph/physiological characteristics of Solanum lycopersicum, as well as the severity of fusarium root rot. The relative gene expression of WRKY transcript factors and defense-associated genes were quantified in root tissues under all treatment conditions. In vitro results revealed that ThE-CsNPs (1%) had potent antifungal efficacy against F. solani radial mycelium growth. The expression of three WRKY transcription factors and three tomato defense-related genes was upregulated. Total phenolic, flavonoid content, and antioxidant enzyme activity were all increased. The outfindings of this study strongly suggested the use of ThE-CsNPs in controlling fusarium root rot on tomatoes; however, other experiments remain necessary before they are recommended.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by Lallemantia royleana leaf Extract: Their Bio-Pharmaceutical and catalytic properties

“…The interdisciplinary subject of nanobiotechnology is expanding quickly and has different practical applications in medicine, agriculture and industry [4,5]. Many plants and microbes in particular have drawn significant interest as useful resources for the nanomaterials synthesis [6] due to their nontoxicity, eco-friendliness, and safety. In addition, the nanoparticles (NPs) generated with the aid of bacteria, fungi, and plants are more desirable than those made with the aid of chemical agents, especially when considering their prospective usage in food goods and medications [4,7,8].…”

Antifungal Activity of Green and Chemically Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles against Alternaria citri, the Causal Agent Citrus Black Rot

“…The penetration of NPs into microbial cells increases the microbial inhibition interacting with the electron transport chain, disrupting DNA by breaking phosphate and hydrogen bonds, denaturation proteins by altering tertiary structure, and killing mitochondria via oxidative stress ( Stanić and Tanasković, 2020 ). Due to the interactions between inorganic metal and metal oxide NPs, reactive oxygen species are produced causing cell damage ( Abd-Ellatif et al, 2022 ; Canaparo et al, 2020 ). Greenly manufactured inorganic metal and metal oxide nanoparticles have a wide range of applications in agriculture, particularly in the management of fungal plant diseases ( Abd-Ellatif et al, 2022 ).…”

“…Due to the interactions between inorganic metal and metal oxide NPs, reactive oxygen species are produced causing cell damage ( Abd-Ellatif et al, 2022 ; Canaparo et al, 2020 ). Greenly manufactured inorganic metal and metal oxide nanoparticles have a wide range of applications in agriculture, particularly in the management of fungal plant diseases ( Abd-Ellatif et al, 2022 ).…”

Sustainable Use of Extracts of Some Plants Growing in Ethiopia for the Formulation of Herbal Shampoo and Its Antimicrobial Evaluation

“…The resulting moisture-free essential oil sample was stored in the refrigerator at 4 • C for further analysis. The percent yield of the extracted essential oil from each sample based on various LAK leaf samples was determined using the following formula [30][31][32]:…”