Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures

Abstract

ZnO-based nanomaterials have been proven to be of great use for several leading applications since the beginning of nanoscience due to the abundance of zinc element and the relatively easy conversion of its oxide to nanostructures. Nowadays, ZnO as nanoparticles, nanowires, nanofibers as well as plenty of other sophisticated nanostructures takes place among the pioneer nanomaterials employed in the photovoltaic systems, fuel cells, and biomedical fields. Nevertheless, optimizing energy consumption and being eco-friendly are the challenging requirements that are still to be overcome for their synthesis. Green chemistry has been strongly presented recently in the scientific arena as an adequate potential alternative; worldwide investigations have been held on subjects involving bacteria, fungus, or algae-based synthesis as efficient options, and some of the intriguing scientific findings on this subject are reported hereafter.

Interactions of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures with Mammalian Cells: Cytotoxicity and Photocatalytic Toxicity

“…The dehydration of [Zn(OH)4] 2− in the final stage takes place by heating the solution to a mild temperature to generate ZnO (reaction 3) [88,94]. The chemical reactions involved for the zincate formation and its subsequent dehydration to produce ZnO are given by [88,93]: [79] under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license.…”

“…The liquid phase synthesis includes co-precipitation, hydrothermal/solvothermal, polyol and sol–gel techniques. This solution-based route gives a number of ZnO nanostructures with different sizes and shapes including spherical nanoparticles, nanorods, nanowires, tetrapods and nanoflowers ( Figure 8 ) [ 79 ]. They can be prepared by properly monitoring the experimental parameters and conditions, such as the pressure, temperature, time, and pH, type of zinc salt, nature of solvent, etc.…”

“… Synthetic strategies for ZnO nanostructures with various morphologies. Reproduced from [ 79 ] under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. …”

Green‐synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticle, an efficient safe anticancer compound for human breast MCF7 cancer cells

“…[11,12] Green methods due to its safe, easy, fast, and precise synthesizing process of nanoparticles are widely applied especially in biomedical applications comparing the other inappropriate toxic and time-consuming approaches. [13] There are various kinds of bio-platforms applying in green synthesis of nanomaterials including fungi, algae, bacteria, and plants. They could be able to produce highly pure values of nanoparticles such as zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs).…”

“…They could be able to produce highly pure values of nanoparticles such as zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). [13][14][15][16] Regarding the ZnONPs particle size, they significantly exhibit antioxidant, antitumor, and cytotoxic activity in the various types of tumors including hepatocytes, prostate, human alveolar, and breast cancer. [17][18][19][20][21] Zinc is considered as an important micronutrient incorporating in cell cycle regulation, proliferation, redox regulation, and gene profile alteration in cells' life.…”