Green synthesis of NiONPs using Trigonella subenervis extract and its applications as a highly efficient electrochemical sensor, catalyst, and antibacterial agent

Abstract

In recent years, the biosynthesized of metallic nanoparticles has been rapidly growing due to their environmentally synthesis and widespread applications in science and industry. In this study, we have reported the green synthesis of NiONPs using an aqueous extract of Trigonella subenervis (NiONPs@TS). The nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). To find various applications for NiONPs@TS, the nanoparticles (NPs) were used as a catalyst for synthesizing some benzimidazole derivatives. The electrochemical behavior and antibacterial activity of NiONPs@TS were also evaluated. FE-SEM images exhibited a uniform spherical morphology in size of 28.21 nm for the biosynthesized nanoparticles. According to the XRD analysis, 26.43 nm was measured for NiONPs@TS crystal size. Benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized using NiONPs@TS as the catalyst with a yield of 69-92%. NiONPs@TS showed a significant electrocatalytic activity to glucose oxidation. The linear response range and detection limit were found to be 10-200 and 3.2 μM, respectively. Furthermore, NiONPs@TS exhibited an acceptable antibacterial activity in various assays, including well diffusion, disk diffusion, minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The best antibacterial activity was obtained against Bacillus subtilis with MIC of 4.0 ± 0.0 μg/ml and MBC of 6.7 ± 2.3 μg/ml. The obtained results showed the ability of NiONPs@TS in different fields such as catalytic, electrochemical sensing, and antibacterial activity, which can be contributed to the presence of biomolecules in T. subenervis extract.

Salvia officinalis-based green-mediated vanadium nanoparticles: Describing a modern chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma

“…SEM analysis is a member of the scanning electron microscope family and is used to examine the surface characteristics and morphology of different samples. In this method, electron beams with specific energy and wavelength sweep the sample surface [25][26][27]. By the detector data that have collected the return sample surface electrons, benefits data is obtained from the sample surface.…”

“…According to the results, a spherical shape is observed for the morphology of the synthetic NPs with the range size of 11.28 to 40.74 nm. The vanadium nanoparticles exhibit a propensity to aggregate that has been reported as a property for green synthetic metallic NPs including vanadium and others such as titanium, silver, and nickel [24][25][26][27].…”

“…Cancer cells escape from programmed death, one of the reasons for which is the convert in the gene expression that is involved in the process regulation. Most anticancer agents exert their remedial activities by inducing apoptosis [27][28][29][30][31]. Programmed death induction is a main important method to kill tumor cells without complications.…”

“…Studies show that nanoparticles have a greater effect on cancer cell lines, which is due to their direct effect on the cell's respiratory system in the mitochondria. Therefore, due to the high level of mitochondrial activity in the respiration process of cancer cells compared to normal cells, a suitable platform is provided for nanoparticles to destroy cancer cells [24][25][26][27][28]. Another reason is the morphological differences between the membrane of normal and cancer cells in terms of the difference in the size of their pores.…”

A facile hydrothermal synthesis of high-efficient NiO nanocatalyst for preparation of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones

“…Nickel oxide (NiO) is a broad band gap antiferromagnetic p-type semiconductor 2 . NiO nanoparticles are used in gas sensors 3 , batteries 4 , transparent conducting layers 5 , solar thermal absorbers 6 , electrochromic devices 7 , optical fibers 8 , smart windows 9 and photocatalysts 10 .…”