Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Mushrooms: A Crucial Dimension for Sustainable Soil Management

Abstract

Soil is the main component in the agroecosystem besides water, microbial communities, and cultivated plants. Several problems face soil, including soil pollution, erosion, salinization, and degradation on a global level. Many approaches have been applied to overcome these issues, such as phyto-, bio-, and nanoremediation through different soil management tools. Mushrooms can play a vital role in the soil through bio-nanoremediation, especially under the biological synthesis of nanoparticles, which could be used in the bioremediation process. This review focuses on the green synthesis of nanoparticles using mushrooms and the potential of bio-nanoremediation for polluted soils. The distinguished roles of mushrooms of soil improvement are considered a crucial dimension for sustainable soil management, which may include controlling soil erosion, improving soil aggregates, increasing soil organic matter content, enhancing the bioavailability of soil nutrients, and resorting to damaged and/or polluted soils. The field of bio-nanoremediation using mushrooms still requires further investigation, particularly regarding the sustainable management of soils.

Sustainable Applications of Mushrooms in Soil Science: A Call for Pictorial and Drawn Articles

“…Edible mushrooms are a very vital source for human nutrition, because these vegetables contain many nutritional attributes (mainly protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals), whereas the medicinal mushrooms have mainly the medicinal properties especially containing bioactive compounds and biological activities (El-Ramady et al 2022a). As macro-fungi, mushrooms have vital impacts on the soil, which include both positive (by improving many soil properties) and negative (when mushroom wastes cause environmental problem to soil), as reported by Elsakhawy et al (2022). Mushrooms have distinguished impacts on the soil when they apply as compost (forming from spent mushroom substrate as an organic fertilizer), which could increase soil microbial activity and the content of amino acid metabolites in the studied orchard (Tan et al 2022).…”

A Comparative Photographic Review on Higher Plants and Macro-Fungi: A Soil Restoration for Sustainable Production of Food and Energy

“…There are several kinds of mushrooms, which can in general be categorized into edible, medicinal and poisonous mushrooms, as reported by El-Ramady et al [36]. More dimensions for the sustainable applications of mushrooms could be found in Elsakhawy et al [98] and El-Ramady et al [99] whereas the sustainable production of medicinal plants is a great challenge, especially under the adverse conditions reported in detail by Aftab [100].…”

Nanomaterials in the future biotextile industry: A new cosmovision to obtain smart biotextiles

“…However, the potential of the nano-biotechnological approaches comes from the possibility of including the nanomaterials during the biofabrication or allowing the formation of the required nanomaterial by taking advantage of green synthesis. For instance, some fungi species belonging to Aspergillus, Fusarium, Verticillium, Trichoderma, Rhizopus, Penicillium, and Pleurotus genus led to nanoparticles of titanium oxide, copper, zinc, and cadmium sulfide, gold, silver, and cadmium sulfide, allowing the incorporation in situ of the desired property (Elsakhawy et al, 2022).…”