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The supplementation of ruminant diets with exogenous cellulolytic enzymes can improve their digestibility and feeding value. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of supplementing roughage (rice straw) and concentrate with inoculants containing four fungal strains (Pleurotus ostreatus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Trichoderma reesei and Trichoderma viride) and four bacterial strains (Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus circulans and Bacillus subtilis), given separately or as a mixture, as a source of exogenous cellulolytic enzymes, on basic rumen parameters in vitro, including digestibility and methane production. A batch culture trial was used to select the best supplements, and a long-term rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) was used to evaluate the effects of P. chrysosporium, B. subtilis, and a 1 : 1 mixture of these two on dietary component digestibility and fermentation parameters. In the batch culture evaluation, there were significant increases in the organic matter (OM) digestibility, the total gas production expressed as ml/g of dry matter, the OM, the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and the acid detergent fibre (ADF) of the supplemented rations, as compared to the control, excluding the rations supplemented with T. viride and B. circulans. In the RUSITEC, the ration supplemented with mixed inoculants showed significantly higher digestibility of crude protein, ether extract, NDF and ADF than did the ration supplemented with the P. chrysosporium and B. subtilis inoculants. It can be concluded that the simultaneous use of fungal and bacterial exogenous cellulases on rice straw roughage improves its digestibility, without negative effects on other rumen parameters.

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Probiotics refer to the living microorganisms that exhibit a beneficial effect on the health of animals through the intestinal microbial balance. The most extensively used probiotics are Lactobacillus spp. This study aims to identify and characterize the probiotic properties of Lactobacillus strains isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants as a local Egyptian strain. Bacterial strains were isolated purified and characterized based on morphological and biochemical characteristics such as gram staining, catalase test, and motility test. 12 isolates were rod-shaped, gram-positive, catalase-negative, non-motile, and non-spore formers. These isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene partial sequencing method. Most of the strains exhibited a decrease in the growth by increasing the concentration of the bile salt, NaCl, increasing the temperature over 37 oC and moving toward neutrality and alkalinity in the media. Strain A11(Lactobacillus farraginis MD_A11) revealed the lowest decrease percentage in the microbial growth to different bile salt concentrations being 5.96, 6.61, 6.85, 7.40, 7.53, and 7.64% respectively), NaCl% concentrations being 1.403, 5.627, 6.487, 7.368, 7.397, 7.411, 7.421, 7.282, and 13.760% respectively, to raise the temperature over 37 oC being 4.19 & 3.945% and different pH levels as it revealed the lowest decrease percentage in the growth when compared to control. As well it recorded the lowest medium pH after the third day being 4.2 with tithable acidity of 0.32%.

In contrast to the global countries, ectomycorrhizae members are not common in Egypt, however, they are very important in the afforestation of poor lands. Their occurrence in Pinus sp., Clerodendrum sp., and Eucalyptus sp. may help to explain why these trees are the most extensive dominant around the world, especially in Egypt. The identification and characterization of numerous ectomycorrhizal fungi often involve largly morphological descriptions of sporocarps alone, which consequently, in some instances, rise argument about the accuracy of these studies. The present work was achieved to isolate, identify, and characterize three ectomycorrhizal fungi from sporocarps combining morphological and molecular techniques. Morphological characteristics of tested species were assessed and compared to standard taxonomic literature. ITS-rDNA was utilized for molecular analysis using the universal fungal primers ITS1. Identification of these species was confirmed by comparing the sequences of amplified genomes of these species with respective species sequences in GenBank, followed by blast analysis.

Elbordeny NE (2020). Evaluation of cellulolytic exogenous enzyme-containing microbial inoculants as feed additives for ruminant rations composed of low-quality roughage-CORRIGENDUM.