Green Synthesis of Hydantoins and Derivatives

Abstract

The hydantoin moiety is found in several bioactive compounds with important pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-androgens, anticancer and the historical action anticonvulsant. Because of these reasons, the synthesis of these compounds and their derivatives is important to review considering the philosophy of the green chemistry. In this review, we present the actual importance in the green synthesis of hydantoins and their derivatives using green methods, such as microwave and ultrasound irradiation, ionic liquids, solid-phase and solvent-free synthesis. Finally, several green protocols reported have been discussed.

Synthesis of Triphenyl Imidazole by Green chemistry approach

“…The crystal structure of 36 ancestral lophine is known; the three phenyl rings are bonded to imidazole, and they are not coplanar. This phenyl ring attached to the 2,4,5 position of imidazole ring [8]. [11] Place 2.5 gm of Benzil, 1.5 ml of Benzaldehyde and 5 gm of Ammonium acetate to a 250 ml round bottom flask add 40 ml of glacial acetic acid heat the reaction mixture on water bath at 100℃ for 5-24 hours by connecting water condenser.…”

The Bucherer–Bergs Multicomponent Synthesis of Hydantoins—Excellence in Simplicity

“…Zinc cyanide and Fe 3 O 4 -chitosan catalyst instead of KCN [ 266 ] as well as pulsed Fe electro-oxidation [ 267 ] were applied for catalytic synthesis of hydantoin derivatives. A recent review article deals with the green synthesis of hydantoins [ 268 ].…”

Organocatalytic cascade nucleophilic/aza-Michael addition reactions: metal-free catalytic strategy for the synthesis of hydantoins

“…Driven by the important applications of hydantoinic compounds in drug discovery, numerous research efforts have been devoted to the preparation of these skeletons. 10 Classical synthetic pathways, including the Bucherer–Bergs, 11 the Biltz, 12 and the Urech 13 or Read reactions, 14 show wide application in hydantoin synthesis. Alternatively, a variety of catalytic examples such as Pd-, Cu- or TBAB-catalyzed functionalization of hydantoin nucleus, 15 Cu-catalyzed C–H α-amination of esters with diaziridinones, 16 transition-metal catalyzed intermolecular [2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition reactions, 17 Pd-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of α-amino amides, 18 Ag-catalyzed α-amination and α-arylation of silyl ketene acetals, 19 and Ir- or Pd-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of arylidene-hydantoins, 20 have been reported over the years (Scheme 2a).…”