Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles in broiler nutrition: Present perspectives and strategic future in climate change conditions

Abstract

Under tropical and subtropical climates, global warming and climate change have a negative impact on the output of cattle and poultry. In hot temperature zones, heat stress is one of the most important stressors affecting chicken productivity, leading to huge financial losses for the poultry sector. The harmful effects of overheating have been reduced by the adoption of several pragmatic approaches. One of these is food manipulation, which is gaining popularity as a natural source of antioxidants, minerals and electrolytes in many parts of the world. According on size, dose, and animal, research in recent years have suggested copper nanoparticles as a possible substitute for antibacterial medicines and a growth booster. An essential element known as copper (Cu) is important for the organism's defense against oxidative stress. Nevertheless, there is little study on the application of The CuO nanoparticles in the poultry sector. The use of plant extracts in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles is a very promising green synthesis technique. One of the most significant issues in the production of poultry is heat stress. The copper oxide nanoparticles may improve bird performance, lower bird temperature, and increase bird tolerance to the harmful effects of high temperature when added to the diet, particularly at 50% of the birds' suggested requirement during heat stress. In the context of current perspectives and a strategic future under conditions of climate change, this review and case study provides an overview of the mode of action, recommended levels of Nano-CuO, and effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass criteria, and blood biochemical of broilers.