Green synthesis of chitosan/erythritol/graphene oxide composites for simultaneous removal of some toxic species from simulated solution

Abstract

In this study, chitosan (Ch) is adapted via green methodology including sonication induced crosslinking with different weight ratios of erythritol (Er) from (Ch-Er)1 to (Ch-Er)4. The products were casted in the form of thin films. The chemical modification was proved via FTIR spectroscopy. Then, the modified products were verified via an atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigation for their topography and surface properties. The data revealed that the optimized sample was (Ch-Er)3. This sample was further modified by different weight ratios of graphene oxide 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 wt./wt. (symbolized as (Ch-Er)3GO1, (Ch-Er)3GO2, (Ch-Er)3GO4, and (Ch-Er)3GO8 respectively). The prepared samples were investigated by different analytical tools. Then, the adjusted sample (Ch-Er)3GO2 was irradiated by electron beam (e-beam) at 10 and 20 kGy of irradiation doses to give samples (Ch-Er)3GO2R10 and (Ch-Er)3GO2R20, respectively. The AFM data of the irradiated samples showed that the pore size decreases, and surface roughness increases at higher energy e-beam due to the formation of more crosslinking points. The optimum samples of the prepared formulations were tested as sorbent materials for simultaneous elimination of methylene blue (MB) dye and mercury cation (Hg2+) from simulated solutions. The maximum removal of both MB dye and Hg2+ cation was achieved by (Ch-Er)3GO2R10 (186.23 mg g−1 and 205 mg g−1) respectively. Graphical abstract

“Gamma Irradiation Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Nanoclay Hydrogel for the Removal of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) from Aqueous Media”

“…This indicates that the adsorption was better fit by pseudo-first order and implies that the adsorption process is probably due to formation of chelate structure or electrostatic attraction between the active groups on the chitosan derivative and the metal ions. This finding is in a good agreement with our previous work [23,89,90]. The intraparticle diffusion model for the adsorption of both Pb(II) and Cr (VI) by CsAA 3 Cl revealed three regions: 1st step hydrogel diffusion, which corresponds to the rapid adsorption of metal ions from the aqueous phase to the boundary layer of the hydrogel; 2nd step gradual adsorptions, which correspond to the diffusion of metal ions within the porous sites of the hydrogel; and 3rd step equilibrium stage, which is the adsorption of metal ions into the interior surface of the hydrogel.…”

“…Therefore, several isotherm models were proposed to denote the mechanism of the process. In the present work, two-parameter (Freundlich and Langmuir) and three-parameter (Redlich-Peterson) adsorption isotherm models were applied as they are the most common models tested by several authors [89][90][91]. All models were fit utilizing the non-linear fitting method by Origin Pro.…”

Chitosan-Based Architectures as an Effective Approach for the Removal of Some Toxic Species from Aqueous Media

“…The intensity of this layer increased with increasing removal capacity. In our previous works, 34,35 we could apply the AFM for confirming the adsorption process by comparing the AFM outcomes before and after metal uptake. We found that the adsorbed species appear as a bright layer covering the surface causing the increase in the height measurement and the change in roughness values.…”

“…Hg 2+ and MB dye have attained the maximum removal performance of 277.4 and 57.992 mg/g, respectively. In another work, 35 CH/erythritol/GO products were prepared by green protocols as sorbents for some toxic pollutants from simulated solutions. The synthesis plan was guided by the atomic force microscopy (AFM) outcomes to select the optimum sorbent at each step.…”

Gamma‐Irradiation‐Assisted Synthesis and Characterization of Xanthan Gum/Agar/Gelatin/ZnO Nanocomposite Hydrogels and their Antimicrobial Activity

“…Hydrogels have been widely used in different applications such as agriculture, [1] tissue engineering, [2] wound dressing, [3] biosensors, [4] and sorbents for removal of dyes [5] and heavy metals [6] . Currently, hydrogels based on natural polymers are replacing the petroleum‐based ones in different applications to protect the environment and to achieve sustainability [7] .…”