Green synthesis of AgNPs using Cannabis sativa leaf extract: Characterization, antibacterial, anti-yeast and α-amylase inhibitory activity

Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Properties of Silver Nanoparticles Obtained by Using Diverse Varieties of Cannabis sativa Leaf Extracts

“…The reduction of Ag + ions into Ag 0 nanoparticles was easily observed via the distinct color change from yellow-pale green to reddish and dark brown, respectively, due to the surface plasmon resonance phenomena. The best reaction conditions (the concentration of AgNO 3 solution, the plant extract:AgNO 3 solution ratio, the temperature, and the reaction time) for each plant extract that mediate the AgNPs synthesis should be investigated, and one recent article revealed these conditions for the following five plant extracts: Berberis vulgaris (root extract), Brassica nigra (seed extract), Capsella bursa-pastoris (leaves extract), Lavandula angustifolia (leaves extract), and Origanum vulgare (leaves extract) [ 40 ], and other articles presented the results related to Cannabis sativa extracts (hemp herd [ 37 ], leaf extracts [ 36 , 39 ], and hemp stem extracts [ 38 ]). To examine the formation of AgNPs UV−VIS spectroscopy experiments were conducted ( Figure 1 ).…”

“…[ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. Cannabis sativa extracts were used to obtain AgNPs [ 35 , 36 , 37 ], AuNPs [ 26 , 38 ], and Ag-AuNPs [ 39 ], and these were evaluated for their biological activity (antimicrobial effect, antifungal activity, and biofilm inhibition).…”

Mechanistic aspects of plant-based silver nanoparticles against multi-drug resistant bacteria

“… Inhibitory action against bacteria ( Sathishkumar et al., 2012 ) Salvia splendens Aqueous extract 15–20 nm Cubic P. vulgaris, B. subtills and S. aureus. Inhibit the growth of bacteria ( Rajendran and Prabha, 2015 ) Allium cepa Whole plant 10–23 nm Spherical P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, produce a clear zone of inhibition against bacteria ( Gomaa, 2017a ) Grewia flaviscences Leaves 50–70 nm Spherical P. aeruginosa and Bacillus Attach to the cell membrane of bacteria and disrupt membrane ( Sana et al., 2015 ) Cannabis sativa Leaves 26.52 nm Spherical S. aureus, M. luteus, B. subtilis, K. pneumoniae, E. coli Integrate the cell membrane of bacteria ( Chouhan and Guleria, 2020 ) Nigella sativa Seed 34 nm Cubic S. aureus, E. coli, L. monocytogenes, P. aeruginosa produce a clear zone of inhibition against bacteria ( Vijayakumar et al., 2020 ) Lysiloma acapulcensis Aqueous extract 5 nm Spherical S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa. produce a clear zone of inhibition against bacteria ( Diana et al., 2020 ) Tribulus Terrestris Fruit 16–28 nm Spherical P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, E. coli and B. subtilis, Inhibition the growth of bacteria and disrupting the membrane ( Gopinath et al., 2012a )

Figure 3 A schematic representation of the probable mechanism of antimicrobial activity of AgNPs.

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Phytochemical mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial activity

“…4b. The FT-IR spectral peaks appeared at 3380.81 cm −1 assigned to the hydroxyl (-OH) stretching due to the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids [17]. A peak at 1077 cm −1 is due to vibrations of C-O stretching of alcoholic groups in phenols and polyphenols.The stretching vibrations at 1513 cm −1 and 1609 cm −1 were attributed to N-H and C = O stretching of amine and amide bonds associated with the protein molecules [18].…”