Green Synthesis of Ag and Pd Nanospheres, Nanowires, and Nanorods Using Vitamin B₂: Catalytic Polymerisation of Aniline and Pyrrole

Abstract

For the first time, we report green chemistry approach using vitaminB2in the synthesis of silver (Ag) and palladium (Pd), nanospheres, nanowires, and nanorods at room temperature without using any harmful reducing agents, such as sodium borohydride (NaBH4) or hydroxylamine hydrochloride and any special capping or dispersing agent. VitaminB2was used as reducing agent as well as capping agent due to its high-water solubility, biodegradability, and low-toxicity compared with other reducing agents. The average particle size of nanoprticle was found to be Ag (average size 6.1±0.1 nm) and Pd (average size 4.1±0.1 nm) nanoparticles in ethylene glycol and Ag (average size 5.9±0.1 nm, and average size 6.1±0.1) nanoparticles in acetic acid and NMP, respectively. The formation of noble multiple shape nanostructures and their self assembly were dependent on the solvent employed for the preparation. When water was used as solvent media, Ag and Pd nanoparticles started to self-assemble into rod-like structures and in isopropanol Ag and Pd nanoparticles yielded wire-like structures with a thickness in the range of 10 to 20 nm and several hundred microns in length. In acetone and acetonitrile medium, the Ag and Pd nanoparticles are self-assembled into a regular pattern making nanorod structures with thicknesses ranging from 100 to 200 nm and lengths of a few microns. The so-synthesized nanostructures were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and UV spectroscopy. The ensuing Ag and Pd nanoparticles catalyzed the reactions of aniline and pyrrole to generate polyaniline and polypyrrole nanofibers and may find various technological and biological applications. This single-step greener approach is general and can be extended to other noble metals and transition metal oxides.

Green synthesis of silver and palladium nanocomposites: a study of catalytic activity towards etherification reaction

“…22,23 The choice of solvent, reducing and/or capping agent for the synthesis of metal nanocomposite plays an important role for such greener approach and make the methodology an important finding to the scientific world. [24][25][26][27][28] Table S1 summarizes some literature data on the particle size of the Ag and Pd nanoparticles depending on the green synthesis conditions and the bio-materials used and finally compared with our work.…”

Nanotecnologia verde para síntese de nanopartículas metálicas

“…Adicionalmente, o tamanho médio das NPOs foi de 6,1±0,1 nm e das nanopartículas de paládio foi de 4,1±0,1 utilizando rotas de síntese semelhantes. Também foi demonstrado que a forma e tamanho das NPMs são dependentes do solvente utilizado na síntese 46 .…”

Green Synthesis of Therapeutic Nanoparticles: an Expanding Horizon

“…Vitamins and amino acids provided tremendous opportunities in the synthesis of NPs intended for therapeutic applications [82]. Nadagouda et al demonstrated the reducing as well as capping potential of vitamin B 2 in the synthesis of AgNPs and palladium NPs [83]. More practical synthesis of the NPs should be accompanied by an easily available source which should be nontoxic, nonhazardous, nonvolatile, biodegradable and biocompatible in nature.…”