Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC) natural extract: assessment of the synthesis process.

Kaningini, Gabriel Amani; Azizi, Shohreh; Nyoni, Hlengilizwe; Mudau, Fhatuwani N.; Mohale, Keletso Cecilia; Mâaza, M.

doi:10.12688/f1000research.73272.2

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Two additional distinct peaks are particularly noticeable, at 1520 cm −1 , which corresponds to the vibration of a C=O bond and could be indicative of the presence of organic residues that may have persisted after the reaction with acetate, as well as the peak at 1427 cm −1 , possibly corresponding to the bending of carboxylic acid O-H bonds. Furthermore, the identified peak at 2351 cm −1 is attributed to the stretching of carbon dioxide O=C=O bonds [58].…”

Section: Ft-ir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of ZnO Nanoparticles’ Synthesis via Precipitation Method Applying Taguchi Robust Design

Gatou,

Kontoliou,

Volla

et al. 2023

Catalysts

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Zinc oxide (ZnO) possesses exceptional potential to be utilized in water and wastewater treatment applications, either as a photocatalyst or in membrane incorporation. In the present study, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using the precipitation method. The Taguchi approach with the L32b orthogonal array was utilized in order to optimize the experimental conditions for the synthesis of the nanoparticles and to ensure that relatively smaller-sized particles were obtained. The design was characterized by ten factors, where nine of them possessed four levels, while one had two levels. This study’s design factors were the type of Zn precursor, the concentration of the Zn precursor, the type of precipitating agent, the precipitation agent’s concentration, the type of utilized solvent, the pH value of the solvent, the temperature used during the synthetic procedure, the calcination temperature, the time of stirring during synthesis, as well as the stirring speed. The influences of those factors on the selected response parameters (the average crystallite size, degree of crystallinity, energy band gap (Eg), and photodegradation constant (k)) were then evaluated. XRD analysis and the calculated Eg values indicated that the hexagonal wurtzite structure was the only crystalline phase present in the produced samples. The photocatalytic efficiency of all ZnO nanoparticles was examined in the degradation of rhodamine B under UV light irradiation. The optimal conditions were achieved using zinc acetate dihydrate as the Zn precursor at a concentration equal to 0.3 M, sodium hydroxide as the precipitating agent (1.5 M), methanol as the solvent (the pH value of the solvent was equal to 13), a temperature during the synthetic procedure of 70 °C, 600 °C as calcination temperature, a 90 min stirring time, and 700 rpm as the stirring speed. The optimized ZnO sample was synthesized based on the aforementioned conditions and thoroughly characterized. The acquired results confirmed the prediction of the Taguchi approach, and the most enhanced k-value was observed.

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Section: Ft-ir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The peak at 3478 cm −1 corresponds to inter-hydrogen bonding, indicating the presence of water molecules and hydroxyl groups. It was likely influenced by atmospheric humidity during the measurement of the sample [58]. The peak observed at 1113 cm −1 is associated with the stretching of C-O bonds in primary alcohols.…”

Section: Ft-ir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of ZnO Nanoparticles’ Synthesis via Precipitation Method Applying Taguchi Robust Design

Gatou,

Kontoliou,

Volla

et al. 2023

Catalysts

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“…This is the first study in which the extract of bush tea leaf was used to produce green synthesized AgNPs. However, Kaningini et al [30] synthesized and characterized zinc oxide nanoparticles from bush tea leaf extract. Therefore, the current study biosynthesized AgNPs using extracts from fermented leaves of bush tea and evaluated their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Fermented Bush Tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC) Leaf Extract and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties

Mashau,

Mamagau,

Foforane

et al. 2023

Fermentation

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Green synthesis is a promising strategy for producing eco-friendly, non-toxic, and less expensive metallic nanoparticles from plants and microorganisms. This research synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from fermented leaf extract of bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC). The physicochemical characterization of AgNPs was conducted by UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). In addition, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of AgNPs were evaluated. The results indicated the successful formation of AgNPs by a visual change of color in fermented bush tea leaf extract from black to brown and in unfermented bush tea leaf crude extract from dark brown to light brown. The UV-vis spectrum of the reaction of the mixture of synthesized AgNPs with unfermented and fermented bush tea showed maximum absorbance at 457 nm and 450 nm, which confirmed the formation of AgNPs. FTIR revealed the functional groups of a leaf extract from bush tea that contributed to the reduction and capping process. The thermal properties suggest that low thermal stable compounds contributed to the reduction of Ag+ to Ag° in the phyto compounds found in the extract. The total phenolic content was higher in fermented AgNPs (290.44 mg/g GAE) compared to unfermented AgNPs (171.34 mg/g GAE). On the other hand, the total flavonoid content was higher in unfermented AgNPs (17.87 mg/g CE) than in fermented AgNPs (9.98 mg/g CE). Regarding antioxidant activity values, unfermented AgNPs had the highest FRAP (535.30 TE/mL) and 47.58% for DPPH. Fermented AgNPs had more antimicrobial activity than unfermented AgNPs. The results show that bush tea leaf extract can be used in different industries such as food, cosmetics, and biomedical.

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Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) using Athrixia phylicoides DC

Kaningini¹,

Motlhalamme²,

More³

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC) natural extract: assessment of the synthesis process.

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Optimization of ZnO Nanoparticles’ Synthesis via Precipitation Method Applying Taguchi Robust Design

Optimization of ZnO Nanoparticles’ Synthesis via Precipitation Method Applying Taguchi Robust Design

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Fermented Bush Tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC) Leaf Extract and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties

Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) using Athrixia phylicoides DC

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