“…Our paper also relates to the inventory management, which has been viewed as a central issue in operation management. The documented reasons for holding inventory focus on the economics of matching supply and demand (Anupindi et al, 2006; Dobos & Vörösmarty, 2020; Lee & Billington, 1992; Pan et al, 2020), production scale (Hofer et al, 2012; Schwartz & Rivera, 2010), hedge (Caldentey & Haugh, 2006; Gaur & Seshadri, 2005; Kouvelis et al, 2013), and buffer per the theory of constraints (Koziol, 1988; Tsou, 2013). However, some papers also explore other implications of inventory.…”