Green Simplistic Biosynthesis of Anti-Bacterial Silver Nanoparticles Using Annona Squamosa Leaf Extract

Abstract

Green nanotechnology involves the synthesis of nanoparticles without the involvement of toxic chemicals. The present study reports the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Annona squamosa leaf extract rapidly within 20 min. High throughput characterization such as UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Zeta potential measurements disclose the existence of silver nanoparticles. The phenolic compounds present in the aqueous leaves extract paves way for the possible reduction of silver to nano-silver. Electron microscopic studies revealed the average size of nanoparticles were 52 nm. The nanoparticles are highly stable by reaching a zeta potential value of −33.6 mV. Comparative antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles was investigated by disk diffusion and microtitre broth dilution method against Escherichia coli. The result showed that silver nanoparticles are toxic to E. coli cells at higher concentration. Overall, we suggest microtitre broth dilution method is more reliable to determine the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles than disk diffusion method.

Green synthesis of silk sericin-capped silver nanoparticles and their potent anti-bacterial activity

“…Recently, researchers have an increasing awareness about the environment. The use of toxic chemicals and solvents should be avoided, contributing to the emergence of ‘green chemistry’ for the synthesis of AgNPs [19-23]. Utilizations of environmentally friendly or naturally derived materials are some of the key issues of a green synthesis strategy [19-23].…”

“…The use of toxic chemicals and solvents should be avoided, contributing to the emergence of ‘green chemistry’ for the synthesis of AgNPs [19-23]. Utilizations of environmentally friendly or naturally derived materials are some of the key issues of a green synthesis strategy [19-23]. Various types of microorganisms have been reported to synthesize AgNPs either intra- or extracellularly [19,20].…”

Extracellular probiotic lipase capped silver nanoparticles as highly efficient broad spectrum antimicrobial agents

“…10,12,13,21 Table S1 † shows the comparative MIC values of Ag NPs available in the literature against various microbial strains. [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] As can be seen from the table, majority of the literature reported MIC values of Ag NPs against both bacteria and fungi in the mg mL À1 range. There are only a very few articles reporting the MIC values in the ng mL À1 range, which are closer to our current ndings.…”

Toxicity of Nanoparticles againstDrosophila melanogaster(Diptera: Drosophilidae)

“…Recent researches reported using different plant leaf extracts for synthesizing silver nanoparticles such as Pine, Persimmon, Ginkgo, Magnolia and Platanus [25], Coriandrum sativum L. [26], Nicotiana tobaccum L. [27], Ocimum sanctum L. [24], Stevia rebaudiana Bert. [23], Arbutus unedo L. [28], Ficus benghalensis L. [29], Ocimum tenuiflorum L. [22], Gloriosa superba L. [30], Syzygium aromaticum L. [31], Citrus limon L. [21], Annona squamosa L. [32], Ixora coccinea L. [33], Sesbania grandiflora L. [34], Loquat [35], Mulberry [16], Carob [36], Alternanthera dentata Moench [19], and Tephrosia purpurea L. [20].…”