Green Silver Nanoparticles Formed by Phyllanthus urinaria, Pouzolzia zeylanica, and Scoparia dulcis Leaf Extracts and the Antifungal Activity

Abstract

Phytoconstituents presenting in herbal plant broths are the biocompatible, regenerative, and cost-effective sources that can be utilized for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Different plant extracts can form nanoparticles with specific sizes, shapes, and properties. In the study, we prepared silver nanoparticles (P.uri.AgNPs, P.zey.AgNPs, and S.dul.AgNPs) based on three kinds of leaf extracts (Phyllanthus urinaria, Pouzolzia zeylanica, and Scoparia dulcis, respectively) and demonstrated the antifungal capacity. The silver nanoparticles were simply formed by adding silver nitrate to leaf extracts without using any reducing agents or stabilizers. Formation and physicochemical properties of these silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. P.uri.AgNPs were 28.3 nm and spherical. P.zey.AgNPs were 26.7 nm with hexagon or triangle morphologies. Spherical S.dul.AgNPs were formed and they were relatively smaller than others. P.uri.AgNPs, P.zey.AgNPs and S.dul.AgNPs exhibited the antifungal ability effective against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Fusarium oxysporum, demonstrating their potentials as fungicides in the biomedical and agricultural applications.

Comparison of biogenic silver nanoparticles formed by Momordica charantia and Psidium guajava leaf extract and antifungal evaluation

“…broth didn't exhibit the antifungal effect against A. niger, A. flavus and F. oxysporum at the using concentration for synthesis of AgNPs. Being similar to other studies [4,26], the diluted concentration of leaf extracts was not enough strong activity to inhibit the fungal growth.…”

“…As predicted, the EDS spectra of MC.AgNPs and PG.AgNPs (Fig 3C-i and 3C-ii) indicated the presence of C, O and Ag. The strange occurrence of Cu and Si was explained by contaminating from the grid holder [4,26]. Taken together, the formation mechanism of MC.AgNPs and PG.AgNPs was suggested that the natural compounds belong to phenolics have mainly four types such as phenol, catechol, meta-benzenediol and pyrogallol groups which could donate electron to silver (I) ions to generate silver nuclei.…”

“…Depending on particular needs, the nanoparticle properties were tailored differently. The green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles have been becoming the alternative routes of chemical and physical methods owing to lower costs, environmentally friendly and abundantly renewable resources [3][4][5]. Among green methods, using plant extracts to fabricate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has gained much attention because of fast procedure, simplicity and feasibility of scaling-up production.…”

Synthesis of Au, Ag, and Au–Ag Bimetallic Nanoparticles Using Pulicaria undulata Extract and Their Catalytic Activity for the Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol

“…The hydrophobic curcumin was encapsulated in cyclodextrin to enhance its aqueous solubility [ 22 ]. Similarly, leaf extracts of three different plants including Phyllanthus urinaria , Pouzolzia zeylanica , and Scoparia dulcis have also been recently utilized to obtain Ag NPs [ 23 ]. There are, however, only a few studies and preparations of bimetallic particles with plant extracts [ 24 ].…”

Silver Nanoparticles Ecofriendly Synthesized by Achyranthes aspera and Scoparia dulcis Leaf Broth as an Effective Fungicide

“…These matters might hurdle the development of microbial nanoparticles. Another popularly green source for nanoparticles biosynthesis was plant extracts [15,16]. The ketones, flavones, carboxylic acids, terpenoids, polyphenols, vitamin C and aldehydes being abundantly in plant extracts were exploited as the reducing agents to oxidize metallic ions and form metallic nanoparticles.…”