Comparison of biogenic silver nanoparticles formed by Momordica charantia and Psidium guajava leaf extract and antifungal evaluation

Abstract

Exploiting plant extracts to form metallic nanoparticles has been becoming the promising alternative routes of chemical and physical methods owing to environmentally friendly and abundantly renewable resources. In this study, Momordica charantia and Psidium guajava leaf extract (MC.broth and PG.broth) are exploited to fabricate two kinds of biogenic silver nanoparticles (MC.AgNPs and PG.AgNPs). Phytoconstituent screening is performed to identify the categories of natural compounds in MC.broth and PG.broth. Both extracts contain wealthy polyphenols which play a role of reducing agent to turn silver (I) ions into silver nuclei. Trace alkaloids, rich saponins and other oxygen-containing compounds creating the organic corona surrounding nanoparticles act as stabilizing agents. MC.AgNPs and PG. AgNPs are characterized by UV-vis and FTIR spectrophotometry, EDS and TEM techniques. FTIR spectra indicate the presence of O-H, C = O, CO -C and C = C groups on the surface of silver nanoparticles which is corresponded with three elements of C, O and Ag found in EDS analysis. TEM micrographs show the spherical morphology of MC.AgNPs and PG.AgNPs. MC.AgNPs were 17.0 nm distributed in narrow range of 5-29 nm, while the average size of PG.AgNPs were 25.7 nm in the range of 5-53 nm. Further, MC.AgNPs and PG.AgNPs exhibit their effectively inhibitory ability against A. niger, A. flavus and F. oxysporum as dose-dependence. Altogether, MC.AgNPs and PG.AgNPs will have much potential in scaled up production and become the promising fungicides for agricultural applications.

Silver Nanoparticles Increase Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Concentrations in Leaves and Stimulate Root Length and Number of Roots in Tomato Seedlings in a Hormetic Manner

“…Silver nanoparticles have innumerable applications in agriculture, including their use as antiviral, 36 antibacterial, [37][38][39] and antifungal agents, [40][41][42] as well as preservatives of the shelf life of flowers, foliage, vegetables, and fruits, 13,[43][44][45] and as a stimulant of plant metabolism and growth. 5,7,46,47 However, the responses to the application of AgNPs to plants can vary and depend on the type of plant species, 27,48 particle size, 49,50 composition, functionalization, concentration, and exposure time, among other factors.…”

Supramolecular Gels Incorporating Cordyline terminalis Leaf Extract as a Polyphenol Release Scaffold for Biomedical Applications

“…Saponin identification: A foam test was performed to determine the presence of saponins [29]. The aqCT solution 1 wt% was diluted 4-fold with DIW.…”

“…Phenolic compound identification: The aqCT solution 1 wt% (1 mL) was reacted with FeCl 3 solution (5 wt% in ethanol) [29]. The reacted mixture was changed to a bluish dark color that indicates the presence of phenolic compounds.…”

Systematic Evaluation of Antioxidant Efficiency and Antibacterial Mechanism of Bitter Gourd Extract Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles

“…The major phytoconstituents responsible for the pharmaceutical properties are phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, and phenylpropanoids), cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, fatty acids, phytosterols, carotenoids, alkaloids, essential oil, saponins, proteins, polypeptides, lipids, carbohydrates, glycosides, and amino acids [24][25][26]. To our knowledge, extracts from bitter gourd leaves, stems, fruits, and peels were used to synthesize metallic nanoparticles such as gold (AuNPs) [27], silver (AgNPs) [28][29][30][31][32], zinc oxide (ZnONPs) [33], cerium oxide (CeO 2 NPs) [34] and copper (CuNPs) [35] nanomaterials. It is also notable that most of the abovementioned BG fruit extracts employed were prepared using fresh fruits via the decoction method [28][29][30][31], whereas Shanker et al used dried ones through the Soxhlet extraction strategy [34].…”

“…To our knowledge, extracts from bitter gourd leaves, stems, fruits, and peels were used to synthesize metallic nanoparticles such as gold (AuNPs) [27], silver (AgNPs) [28][29][30][31][32], zinc oxide (ZnONPs) [33], cerium oxide (CeO 2 NPs) [34] and copper (CuNPs) [35] nanomaterials. It is also notable that most of the abovementioned BG fruit extracts employed were prepared using fresh fruits via the decoction method [28][29][30][31], whereas Shanker et al used dried ones through the Soxhlet extraction strategy [34]. Although several antibacterial studies have been conducted on bitter gourd extracts synthesized nanomaterials, the potential bactericidal mechanism and the antibacterial effectiveness against drug-resistant bacteria still remain unclear.…”