Green pea, Pisum sativum leaf meal with supplemented exogenous cellulase and xylanase can completely replace de‐oiled rice bran (DORB) in the diet of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1878) fingerlings

Abstract

Global fish production has reached to 179 MMT in which 82 MMT is shared from the aquaculture sector in 2018 (FAO, 2020). Aquaculture plays a substantial role in promoting the socio-economic status of poor people mainly in the developing countries through poverty alleviation and nutritional security (FAO, 2018). Carp culture is the mainstay of south-east Asia where majority of the fish farmers use mostly de-oiled rice bran (DORB) in aquafeed (Meshram et al., 2018) as it is cheap and regularly available (Veerina et al., 1993). Moreover,

Mixed leaf meal supplemented with exogenous enzyme and limiting amino acids can completely replace DORB (de-oiled rice bran) in the diet of Labeo rohita

“…In our study, increased TLC in the 400 g kg -1 LM group might be due to the action of dietary LM mediated low levels of alkaloids, flavonoid and tannins (Popeskovic et al, 1980). Similar reports concluded the significant enhancement of TLC in L. rohita fed with various leaf meals (Das et al, 2009;Garg et al, 2019;Nottanalan et al, 2021).…”

“…However, lipase activity was found similar (p > 0.05) in fish of various treatments. Similarly, Nottanalan et al (2021) did not found any significant variation of lipase activity among the L. rohita of DORB fed control and Pisum sativum leaf meal fed groups irrespective of exogenous carbohydrases supplementation. However, significant improvement was reported in lipase activity in L. rohita due to feeding of exogenous carbohydrases and limiting amino acids supplemented plant based diet (Ranjan et al, 2018a).…”

“…So, if meal is prepared out of such leaves, can reduce the high cost of fish feed as it is comparatively cheaper sources of protein. Some recent studies reported that Hygrophila spinosa, a terrestrial weed with common name Gokulkanta (Maiti et al, 2019), sweet potato (Meshram et al, 2018;Ahmad et al, 2019), black gram, Vigna mungo (Sahoo et al, 2020) and green pea, Pisum sativum (Nottanalan et al, 2021) leaf meal could completely replace DORB with 30% inclusion level in the carp (L. rohita) feed without compromising the growth performances of fish. But according to the Anand et al (2020), fermented (Bacillus subtilis) sesbania leaf meal can replace only 50% DORB with 15% incorporation level in common carp diet without compromising the growth, IGF-I expression and physiological responses of fish probably due to presence of high level of antinutritional factors (ANFs) like tannin, saponin and phytic acid.…”

Substitution of de‐oiled rice bran with Khejri pod meal and groundnut oilcake with Khejri seed meal in the diet of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)

“…Moreover, the growing competitions with livestock feed and human food sector would lower the availability of DORB in near future to aquafeed sector (FAO, 2017). In this context, leafmeals are considered as feasible alternate ingredients for aquafeed production (Hoseinifar et al, 2017; Anand et al, 2020; Nottanalan et al, 2021; Olude et al, 2021; Sajina et al, 2020). According to Naylor et al (2009), an alternate feedstock must be nutritional compatible, easily available, low priced and perform better growth performance.…”

“…Likewise, the complete substitution of DORB with fermented sweet potato leaf meal could be possible in L. rohita fingerlings diet (Jayant et al, 2020;Meshram et al, 2018). Several other researchers also reported that different leafmeals could be an effective alternative source and could completely replace the DORB in carp diet such as pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) leafmeal (Rani et al, 2021), black gram, Vigna mungo (Sahoo et al, 2020) and green pea, Pisum sativum (Nottanalan et al, 2021). However, other leafmeals such as sundried cassava (Manihot esculenta) and bioprocessed pistia leaf meal could be incorporated at 166.5 g kg −1 and 200 g kg −1 inclusion level, respectively, in L. rohita diets (Mandal & Ghosh, 2019;Olude et al, 2021).…”