Green house gas emissions due to concrete manufacture

Flower, David Jonathan Mark; Sanjayan, Jay

doi:10.1007/s11367-007-0327-3

Cited by 537 publications

(138 citation statements)

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“…The resulting embodied CO 2 -e when using different inventory databases are summarised in Similarly, AusLCI proposes a higher emission factor for manufacturing GGBFS and recycled aggregates and lower embodied CO 2 -e for producing fly ash than this study (based on [49]). The embodied CO 2 -e associated with the production of natural aggregates is not directly reported in a transparent way in AusLCI, while ARRB gives a value of 3.97 kg CO2-e per tonne of materials [61].…”

Section: -2 Variations In Embodied Co 2 -E Coefficientmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Previous studies into the environmental impact of the production of cementitious materials and aggregates have already yielded several estimates of the embodied CO 2 -e per tonne of concrete [25,39,49,50]. The embodied CO 2 -e are calculated by multiplying embodied CO 2 -e coefficients from proposed databases [1][2][3][4] for each grade of concrete by the quantity of concrete.…”

Section: -2 Environmental Aspects Of Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method suffers from a lack of comprehensive attention into the individual concrete components. The GHG emissions associated with each individual concrete component need to be sufficiently investigated [49].…”

Section: -2 Environmental Aspects Of Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 2 This study considers each individual concrete component in order to estimate the equivalent greenhouse emissions and thermal conductivity of the mixed design. The embodied CO 2 -e for a variety of concrete mix designs was quantified by collecting relative embodied CO 2 -e coefficients for each individual concrete component from existing studies [49,[60][61][62].…”

Section: -1 Materials and MIX Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The emission factors for binders, aggregates and admixtures were obtained from Flower and Sanjayan [49] and were based on the Australian Green house office factors and method workbook [63]. The emission factor for recycled aggregates was collected from ARRB Group report [61].…”

Section: -2 Embodied Carbon Dioxide Equivalent Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incorporating environmental evaluation and thermal properties of concrete mix designs

Robati

McCarthy

Kokogiannakis

2016

Construction and Building Materials

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One of the main challenges in sustainable design of buildings is to improve the energy efficiency of the building during its lifetime along with reducing the environmental impact of the design. Recent advances in concrete technology offer lower embodied emission through the application of supplementary cementitious materials and recycled aggregates. There are also improvements to thermal properties with the application of admixtures. However, the relationships between the environmental impact (Cradle to Gate) and thermal performance of concrete mix designs have not been researched adequately. The Green House Gas (GHG) emissions associated with each individual concrete component and its production need to be considered with greater refinement. This study correlates the impacts of selecting a concrete mix design in terms of CO 2 -e with resulting thermal conductivity and density at the design stage of buildings. This paper examines 90 concrete mix designs from published literature to identify their embodied emissions and thermal conductivity in order to discuss the relationship between low embodied carbon dioxide equivalents (CO 2 -e) emission alternatives and thermal conductivity. The embodied CO 2 -e of a variety concrete mix designs were quantified by compiling embodied CO 2 -e coefficient for each individual component in the concrete. The results show the variation in embodied CO2-e and thermal conductivity of concrete mixes. The application of readily available supplementary cementitious material can reduce embodied CO 2 -e (kg CO 2 -e) by up to 16% in comparison with general practice. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of concrete mix is influenced by changing the density of aggregates and the proportion of cementitious materials. AbstractOne of the main challenges in sustainable design of buildings is to improve the energy efficiency of the building during its lifetime along with reducing the environmental impact of the design. Recent

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Section: -2 Variations In Embodied Co 2 -E Coefficientmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: -2 Environmental Aspects Of Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -2 Environmental Aspects Of Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -1 Materials and MIX Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -2 Embodied Carbon Dioxide Equivalent Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incorporating environmental evaluation and thermal properties of concrete mix designs

Robati

McCarthy

Kokogiannakis

2016

Construction and Building Materials

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Production of carbon negative precipitated calcium carbonate from waste concrete

Zee

Zeman

2016

Can J Chem Eng

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Mineral carbonation can contribute to climate change mitigation through the production of synthetic limestone (CaCO 3 ) from calcium silicate minerals and gaseous CO 2 . Some carbonates, such as Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC), have industrial applications and may provide sufficient economic incentive for sequestering CO 2 should the product be a marketable commodity. Cement is a suitable source of calcium and can be recovered from waste concrete. The production of cement accounts for 9.5 % of global CO 2 emissions, however up to 50 % of the manufacturing emissions can be mitigated at the end of the materials service life through mineral carbonation.The objective here is to sequester CO 2 through the production of PCC via the recovery and carbonation of calcium from waste cement. The calcium is suitable for mineral carbonation and can be effectively leached using an acid (e.g. HCl). When calcium is completely leached, the solution will be slightly acidic and contain impurities such as iron and silica. The impurities can be removed by adding alkalinity prior to CaCO 3 precipitation, via reaction with Na 2 CO 3 in a separate reactor. The Na 2 CO 3 is produced by the absorption of CO 2 using NaOH, while the resulting NaCl solution is recycled via bipolar membrane electrodialysis. Overall transportation emissions and costs are reduced and the process could enhance current waste concrete recycling practices. Furthermore, the low carbon intensity of electricity generation in Eastern Canada allows for capture of 444 kg CO 2 per tonne of PCC.

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Behavior of combined fly ash/slag‐based geopolymers when exposed to high temperatures

2009

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SUMMARYThe high temperature performance up to 800 • C of combined fly ash (FA) and slag geopolymers at the ratio of 100, 65/35, 50/50, 35/65 and 100% (wt-%) is presented in this paper. Geopolymers are alternative novel binders to conventional Portland cement and are generally believed to provide superior fire resistant properties due to their ceramic-like characteristics. This paper presents new data on the behavior of geopolymers made with combined FA/slag mentioned previously, which were mixed with alkaline materials with molecular silicate modulus (Ms = SiO 2 /Na 2 O) of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 with sodium (Na) dosages of 4 and 8 (wt-%). Altogether 60 mixes were made yielding compressive strengths between 3 and 83 MPa. Behavior of the material to high temperatures was investigated by exposing the specimens to 800 • C and testing for compressive strengths. It was found that as the initial strength increases, the residual strength exponentially decreased. The compressive stress versus strain relationships showed that the ductility of the specimens decreased as the initial strength increased. The ability of the materials with high ductility (i.e. less brittleness) to accommodate thermal incompatibilities arising from uneven temperatures arising during heating is concluded to be the major factor contributing to the reduced strength losses. Geopolymer has recently emerged as a novel engineering binder material with the potential to form an element of an environmentally sustainable construction product [1,2]. Geopolymers are often compared with the conventional Portland cement since the applications of geopolymers are targeted to replace the conventional Portland cement. Geopolymer is a term used to describe inorganic polymers based on alumino-silicates [3] and can be produced by synthesizing pozzolanic * Correspondence to: Maurice Guerrieri, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia. 164M. GUERRIERI AND J. G. SANJAYAN compounds or alumino-silicate source materials with highly alkaline solutions [4]. Owing to their ceramic-like properties, geopolymers are believed to possess good fire resistance [5,6]. Geopolymers are also referred in the literature as alkali-activated fly ash (FA) or inorganic polymers [7]. The production of geopolymers has been shown to release 80 to 90% less green house gas emissions than the conventional Portland cement [2]. Each ton of conventional Portland cement production is responsible for the release of 0.7 to 1.0 tons of CO 2 into the atmosphere [8].Ground-granulated blast furnace slag (Slag) and FA, byproducts of iron manufacturing and coal burning electrical power plant industries, respectively, have been used widely either integrated or pre-blended with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) to produce blended cement binders. Slag and FA-blended cements are characterized by their low heat of hydration and high chemical durability and can enhance the physical and mechanical properties of concretes and even provide higher early strength than OPC concretes [9,1...

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Green house gas emissions due to concrete manufacture

Cited by 537 publications

References 4 publications

Incorporating environmental evaluation and thermal properties of concrete mix designs

Incorporating environmental evaluation and thermal properties of concrete mix designs

Production of carbon negative precipitated calcium carbonate from waste concrete

Behavior of combined fly ash/slag‐based geopolymers when exposed to high temperatures

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