Green Glucamine-Based Trisiloxane Surfactant: Surface Activity, Aggregate Behavior, and Superspreading on Hydrophobic Surfaces

Abstract

A novel green glucamine-based trisiloxane surfactant (HAG) composed of a glucamine headgroup and trisiloxane tail was prepared by a completely "green" synthesis. Its chemical constitution, functional groups, and surroundings were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. The physicochemical properties of the target, including its surface activity, aggregation, and wetting behavior, were evaluated systematically. The findings reveal that HAG solution has a comparatively low surface tension (γ = 19.04 mN/m) and can spread rapidly on a parafilm surface. Furthermore, it can spontaneously assemble into vesicles.

A Review of Biopolymers’ Utility as Emulsion Stabilizers

“…Many factors contribute to emulsion stability, such as fluctuating temperature and pH, storing age, ionic strength, and processing technology [ 63 ], where temperature and time are the two main determinants. Temperature and time significantly affect the increase in the size of particles, the retention of β-carotene, and the rate of potential decrease with storage temperature as well as time [ 64 ].…”

“…The food industry will be able to make better use of that antioxidant by utilizing carotenoids, which include β-carotene. In an experiment conducted by [ 63 ], a glucamine-based trisiloxane surfactant was obtained through the green synthesis technique. Studying various physicochemical characteristics of the compound, including its surface functioning, accumulation, and wetting properties, HAG (4-S-Glutathionyl-5-Pentyl-Tetrahydro-Furan-2-Ol) was reported to feature a relatively lower surface tension (γ = 19.04 mN/m) and to interact readily with surfaces.…”

Scientific information about sugar-based emulsifiers: a comprehensive review

“…48,49 Scheme 5 for glucamine synthesis has been taken from the literature. 50 The reactions that produce glucamine-based trisiloxane surfactant (HAG) are cost-effective and generate no waste.…”

Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Compounds as a Versatile Tool for Construction of Nanoscale Drug Carriers

“…Interestingly, the selection of functionalization of glucose-containing amphiphilic compounds and using of various approaches to molecule design could become a useful tool for tailoring desired practical properties. For example: (i) significant foamability and high emulsion stability for toluene/water system could be achieved in the case of application of amido- and/or alkoxy derivatives of this hexose [ 52 ]; (ii) introduction of a trisiloxane fragment into the glucose structure is responsible for superspreading properties on hydrophobic surfaces like parafilm [ 53 ]; (iii) the transition from monomeric amphiphiles to their gemini analogues containing two glucose fragments and additional OH-groups is key for the construction of vehicles for biomedicine purposes capable of effectively encapsulating the drug of a broad spectrum, resveratrol (encapsulation efficiency reaches 90%) [ 54 ], and amino acids with demonstrated of chiral specificity toward certain D- or L-isomers [ 55 ]; (iv) thermotropic liquid crystalline behavior can be achieved in the case of sulfur-containing glucose derivatives [ 56 ]. The utilization of other monosaccharides as building blocks for amphiphilic compounds is also well-known, however these reports are significantly fewer: mannose derivatives are documented as agents for regulating the aggregation state of β-lactoglobulin [ 57 ], and a xylopyranose-based amphiphilic compound shows itself as a material for the construction of liquid crystals [ 58 ].…”