Green Catalytic Epoxidation of Bulky Olefins via Hierarchical Cerium-Containing TS-1 Catalyst

Review and perspectives on TS-1 catalyzed propylene epoxidation

“…Unfortunately, this method of destruction inevitably results in a loss of zeolite mass, which changes the elemental ratio of the zeolite framework. 203 TPAOH, 161 , 193 , 194 , 195 , 196 , 197 , 198 , 199 , 200 , 201 , 202 , 203 , 204 , 205 , 206 , 207 NaOH, 106 sour 62 and fluoride 208 , 209 are commonly used etchants for the synthesis of hierarchical TS-1 zeolites, especially with hollow morphology.…”

“…Another approach is to post-treatment the final TS-1 with organic alkalis. 106 , 207 , 246 , 247 , 248 , 249 , 250 , 251 Alkalis dissolve the zeolite and remove the Si matrix from the framework, resulting in the formation of micro- and mesoporous composite layers. Recently, TPAOH has been applied as a hot spot etchant to create hierarchical TS-1 zeolites by desilication.…”

“…The uniquely high oxygen vacancies in ceria can serve as a surface oxygen species transfer medium, effectively trapping reactive oxygen species, reducing the diffusion resistance of reactive oxygen species, and facilitating the epoxidation reaction. 207 …”