Green bipropellant development – A study on the hypergolicity of imidazole thiocyanate ionic liquids with hydrogen peroxide in an automated drop test setup

Lauck, Felix; Balkenhohl, Jakob; Negri, Michele; Freudenmann, Dominic; Schlechtriem, Stefan

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.11.033

Cited by 45 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…All calculations were based on a 400 N thruster by ArianeGroup with an expansion ratio ε of the nozzle of 330 and a chamber pressure of 10 bar. Furthermore, frozen supersonic expansion was assumed. , From the ratio of the oxidizer mass flow ( m ̇ fuel ) and fuel mass flow ( m ̇ oxidizer ), the ratio of the oxidizer to fuel (ROF) was calculated as …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The density of the overall propellant at the ROF was calculated by taking the density of the oxidizer hydrogen peroxide (ρ oxidizer ) and the density of the respective ionic liquid fuel (ρ fuel ) under account …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[Pyrr 12 ][SCN] shows 320 s, the highest I sp max , whereas [APy][SCN] and [Pyrr 1A ][SCN] turned out to give a slightly higher ρ I sp max of 434 s kg/m 3 . Although the mainly used hypergolic propellant combination MMH/NTO has a higher I sp max of 334 s under these conditions, the ρ I sp of 390 s kg/m 3 is surpassed by all IL/H 2 O 2 hypergolic propellant combinations specified in Table . With a view on hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizer, a direct comparison of MMH and UDMH with the six thiocyanate ionic liquids reveals a similar trend.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, to the best of our knowledge, no other group of RTILs was discovered until a study of our working group was published by Lauck et al . in 2021 . These thiocyanate-based ionic liquids are a highly promising new class of fuels for hypergolic propellants with hydrogen peroxide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Cation Structures on Hypergolicity of Thiocyanate Ionic Liquids with Hydrogen Peroxide

2021

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Ionic liquids are promising candidates for future fuels in space propulsion. In this work, six ionic liquids with thiocyanate anions are proposed as new fuel candidates with hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizer. The influence of the cation is studied by pyridinium- and pyrrolidinium-based thiocyanate ionic liquids with various alkyl chains. Characterization of the fuels comprises, inter alia, thermal analysis, viscosity, and density measurement. Calculations of the theoretical performance of the new hypergolic propellants were performed with the NASA Chemical Equilibrium with Applications for comparison with conventional ones. All presented hypergolic propellant combinations show significantly increased theoretical density specific impulses compared to the currently used hypergolic propellant combination monomethylhydrazine/dinitrogen tetroxide. Hypergolic ignition behavior of the propellant combination was evaluated by a drop test setup, which was filmed by a high-speed camera. 1-Ethylpyridinium thiocyanate ([EPy][SCN]) shows the shortest ignition delay time of 26.8 ms and the lowest viscosity of 27.5 cP and possesses a high density as well as high thermal stability. With this substance, not only a promising candidate for future orbital propulsion systems is presented, but also, new insights into the role of the cationic structure of ionic liquids in hypergolic propellant combinations with hydrogen peroxide are gained within this study.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Cation Structures on Hypergolicity of Thiocyanate Ionic Liquids with Hydrogen Peroxide

2021

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“…Due to the good availability of high concentrated hydrogen peroxide, well studied catalysts and decades of experience in handling the substance, hydrogen peroxide seems to be a very promising alternative for several monopropellant applications [18,19]. A further advantage of hydrogen peroxide is, that it can also be used as oxidizer in hypergolic bipropellant combinations [20].…”

Section: High Concentrated Hydrogen Peroxide H 2 Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameters Influencing the Characteristic Exhaust Velocity of a Nitrous Oxide/Ethene Green Propellant

Werling

Bätz

2022

Journal of Propulsion and Power

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Currently several green propellants are under investigation to replace the toxic and carcinogenic monopropellant hydrazine (N 2 H 4 ). Beside alternatives as Ammonium dinitramide (ADN)-based propellants, Hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN)-based mixtures or high concentrated hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), mixtures of fuels with nitrous oxide -called HyNOx or NOFBX represent promising green propellants. Compared to classical hydrazine, N 2 O/fuel mixtures offer a higher performance ( , * ), no or low toxicity and low propellant costs. To investigate the handling and performance of a propellant mixture consisting of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and ethene (C 2 H 4 ), hot gas combustion tests with an experimental combustor were conducted. This paper summarizes the results of 134 combustion tests conducted with the premixed propellant injected in gaseous state. Calculated and measured performance ( * and * ) depending on mixture ratio, characteristic combustion chamber length ( * ) and chamber pres-* ℎ

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Hypergolic behavior of methylimidazolium borane and H2O2 promoted by 1-methyl-4,5-diiodoimidazolium iodide

Liu

Tian

Bai

et al. 2023

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Green bipropellant development – A study on the hypergolicity of imidazole thiocyanate ionic liquids with hydrogen peroxide in an automated drop test setup

Cited by 45 publications

References 42 publications

The Impact of Cation Structures on Hypergolicity of Thiocyanate Ionic Liquids with Hydrogen Peroxide

The Impact of Cation Structures on Hypergolicity of Thiocyanate Ionic Liquids with Hydrogen Peroxide

Parameters Influencing the Characteristic Exhaust Velocity of a Nitrous Oxide/Ethene Green Propellant

Hypergolic behavior of methylimidazolium borane and H2O2 promoted by 1-methyl-4,5-diiodoimidazolium iodide

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