“Green” bio-thermoset resins derived from soy protein isolate and condensed tannins

Liu, Chang; Zhang, Yi; Li, Xiaona; Luo, Jing; Gao, Qiang; Li, Jianzhang

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.06.057

Cited by 85 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Figure 5 presents the Fourier transform infrared spectra of the adhesives. The corresponding bending vibrations of free and bound N–H and O–H groups were approximately located at 3303 cm −1 , which formed hydrogen bonds with the carbonyl group of the peptide linkage in soy protein [ 25 ]. The peak observed at about 2930 cm −1 was attributed to the symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations of the –CH 2 group in the different adhesives [ 26 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Enzymolysis on Performance of Soy Protein-Based Adhesive

Han

et al. 2018

Molecules

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In this study, bromelain was used to break soy protein molecules into polypeptide chains, and triglycidylamine (TGA) was added to develop a bio-adhesive. The viscosity, residual rate, functional groups, thermal behavior, and fracture surface of different adhesives were measured. A three-ply plywood was fabricated and evaluated. The results showed that using 0.1 wt% bromelain improved the soy protein isolate (SPI) content of the adhesive from 12 wt% to 18 wt%, with viscosity remaining constant, but reduced the residual rate by 9.6% and the wet shear strength of the resultant plywood by 69.8%. After the addition of 9 wt% TGA, the residual rate of the SPI/bromelain/TGA adhesive improved by 13.7%, and the wet shear strength of the resultant plywood increased by 681.3% relative to that of the SPI/bromelain adhesive. The wet shear strength was 30.2% higher than that of the SPI/TGA adhesive, which was attributed to the breakage of protein molecules into polypeptide chains. This occurrence led to (1) the formation of more interlocks with the wood surface during the curing process of the adhesive and (2) the exposure and reaction of more hydrophilic groups with TGA to produce a denser cross-linked network in the adhesive. This denser network exhibited enhanced thermal stability and created a ductile fracture surface after the enzymatic hydrolysis process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Enzymolysis on Performance of Soy Protein-Based Adhesive

Han

et al. 2018

Molecules

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“…Flavonoids and catechins are important LT structural components that have the same skeleton structure-a carbon skeleton that contains two phenyl rings (A and B) and a heterocyclic ring (C) [12]. The polycondensation reaction is the most well-known reaction that is associated with the A-ring [13]. Many studies have shown that tannin easily reacts with the aldehyde group due to its polyphenolic nature [14,15], which can be used to replace a portion of phenol to develop an LT-based phenol-formaldehyde resin for exterior-use plywood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean Meal-Based Wood Adhesive Enhanced by Phenol Hydroxymethylated Tannin Oligomer for Exterior Use

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2020

Polymers

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Bio-based adhesives have low water resistance and they are less durable than synthetic adhesives, which limits their exterior applications. In this study, a bio adhesive was developed from soybean meal and larch tannin that was designed for exterior use. Phenol hydroxymethylated tannin oligomer (PHTO) was synthesized and then mixed with soybean meal flour in order to obtain a soybean meal-based adhesive (SPA). The results showed that the moisture absorption rate, residual rate, and solid content of SPA with 10 wt % PHTO (mass ratio with respect to the entire adhesive) were improved by 22.8%, 11.6%, and 6.8%, respectively, as compared with that of pure SPA. The wet shear strength of plywood with SPA with 10 wt % PHTO (boiling in 100 °C water for 3 h) was 1.04 MPa when compared with 0 MPa of pure SPA. This met the bond strength requirement of exterior-use plywood (GB/T 9846.3-2004). This improved adhesive performance was mainly due to the formation of a crosslinked structure between the PHTO and the protein and also PHTO self-crosslinking. The formaldehyde emission of the resulting plywood was the same as that of solid wood. The PHTO-modified SPA can potentially extend the applications of SPAs from interior to exterior plywood.

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“…Up to the present, a great deal of research has been devoted to reducing the environmental impact of wood-based panels industries, more concretely the impact of oil-derived adhesives such as urea-formaldehyde or phenol-formaldehyde. Replacement of fossil phenol by biomass-derived phenols (e.g., lignin, tannins) seems to be a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach [1,2,3]. However, these authors substituted phenol with lignin, but the binders still included formaldehyde, a toxic compound with a significant impact in human health and environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Binder Based on Enzymatically Polymerized Eucalypt Kraft Lignin for Fiberboard Manufacturing: A Preliminary Study

Gouveia

Otero²,

Fernández‐Costas

et al. 2018

Polymers

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The capability of laccase from Myceliophthora thermophila to drive oxidative polymerization of Eucalyptus globulus Kraft lignin (KL) was studied as a previous step before applying this biotechnological approach for the manufacturing of medium-density fiberboards (MDF) at a pilot scale. This method, which improves the self-bonding capacity of wood fibers by lignin enzymatic cross-linking, mimics the natural process of lignification in living plants and trees. An interesting pathway to promote these interactions could be the addition of lignin to the system. The characterization of E. globulus KL after enzymatic treatment showed a decrease of phenolic groups as well as the aromatic protons without loss of aromaticity. There was also an extensive oxidative polymerization of the biomolecule. In the manufacture of self-bonded MDF, the synergy generated by the added lignin and laccase provided promising results. Thus, whenever laccase was present in the treatment, MDF showed an increase in mechanical and dimensional stability for increasing amounts of lignin. In a pilot scale, this method produced MDF that meets the requirements of the European standards for both thickness swell (TS) and internal bonding (IB) for indoor applications.

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“Green” bio-thermoset resins derived from soy protein isolate and condensed tannins

Cited by 85 publications

References 28 publications

The Effect of Enzymolysis on Performance of Soy Protein-Based Adhesive

The Effect of Enzymolysis on Performance of Soy Protein-Based Adhesive

Soybean Meal-Based Wood Adhesive Enhanced by Phenol Hydroxymethylated Tannin Oligomer for Exterior Use

Green Binder Based on Enzymatically Polymerized Eucalypt Kraft Lignin for Fiberboard Manufacturing: A Preliminary Study

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