Green banana flour supplementation improves obesity-associated systemic inflammation and regulates gut microbiota profile in mice fed high-fat diets

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of green banana flour (GBF) consumption on obesity-related conditions in mice fed high-fat diets. GBF was prepared using stage 1 green banana pulp, which was dehydrated and milled. Mice were fed a control diet (n = 20; 10% of energy from lipids) or a high-fat diet (n = 20; 50% of energy from lipids). After 10 weeks, mice were divided into 4 groups based on feed: standard chow (SC; n = 10), standard with 15% GBF (SB; n = 10), high-fat diet (HF; n = 10) and high-fat diet with 15% GBF (HFB; n = 10) for 4 weeks. HFB exhibited lower gains in body weight (–21%; p < 0.01) and in all fat pads (p < 0.01) compared with the HF group. SC, SB, and HFB showed smaller retroperitoneal white adipose tissue diameters (p < 0.001). SB and HFB-treated mice showed lower levels of leptin, IL-6, and TNF-α compared with the SC and HF groups (p < 0.01). In the GBF-fed groups, there was a reduction in the abundance of Firmicutes (SB: –22%; HFB: –23%) and an increase in Bacteroidetes (SB: +25%; HFB: +29%) compared with their counterparts. We demonstrated that GBF consumption attenuated inflammation and improved metabolic status, adipose tissue remodeling, and the gut microbiota profile of obese mice. Novelty: Green banana flour (GBF) consumption, rich in resistant starch, regulates body weight in mice fed high-fat diets. GBF consumption improves fat pad distribution in mice fed high-fat diets. GBF improves obesity-associated systemic inflammation and regulates gut microbiota profile in mice fed high-fat diets.

Resistant Potato Starch Alters the Cecal Microbiome and Gene Expression in Mice Fed a Western Diet Based on NHANES Data

“…There have been numerous studies examining the effects of consumption of resistant starches, including RS2, on the microbiome and gastrointestinal gene expression in mice fed with a “Western diet” ( 26 , 28 , 56 , 70 , 71 ). These studies, however, usually employ diets that have high levels of saturated fat in the form of lard with 45–60% of the dietary calories obtained from fat while providing standard levels of other nutrients.…”

The model of litter size reduction induces long‐term disruption of the gut‐brain axis: An explanation for the hyperphagia of Wistar rats of both sexes

“…RT‐PCR was performed on the StepOnePlus ™ Real‐Time PCR System (Life Technologies) programmed for the following cycle: 95°C/10 min; 95°C/15 s; and 60°C/1 min (45 cycles). PCR reactions to identify different bacteria phyla were based on previous studies (Rosado et al, 2021 ; Silva‐Veiga et al, 2020 ) taking into account the formula provided by Bacchetti De Gregoris et al ( 2011 ) X = (Eff. Univ)Ctuniv/(Eff.…”

Nutraceutical Properties of Unripe Banana Flour Resistant Starch: A Review

“…Unripe banana flour has been reported to modulate the firmicutes/bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio in the intestines [ 47 ] by increasing the population of bacteroidetes relative to firmicutes. [ 46,48 ] Unripe banana flour is presumed to produce a higher proportion of bacteroidetes compared to firmicutes due to its resistant starch. [ 46 ] The higher levels of bacteroidetes and their associated effects may be related to their higher carbohydrate encoding enzymes compared to firmicutes, which facilitate increased SCFA concentrations.…”

“…[ 46,48 ] Unripe banana flour is presumed to produce a higher proportion of bacteroidetes compared to firmicutes due to its resistant starch. [ 46 ] The higher levels of bacteroidetes and their associated effects may be related to their higher carbohydrate encoding enzymes compared to firmicutes, which facilitate increased SCFA concentrations. [ 49 ] Though BFRS can lead to higher levels of bacteroidetes, firmicutes are still important gut microbiota due to their ability to produce butyrate, while bacteroidetes produce acetate and propionate.…”