Greater Weight Loss and Hormonal Changes After 6 Months Diet With Carbohydrates Eaten Mostly at Dinner

Abstract

This study was designed to investigate the effect of a low‐calorie diet with carbohydrates eaten mostly at dinner on anthropometric, hunger/satiety, biochemical, and inflammatory parameters. Hormonal secretions were also evaluated. Seventy‐eight police officers (BMI >30) were randomly assigned to experimental (carbohydrates eaten mostly at dinner) or control weight loss diets for 6 months. On day 0, 7, 90, and 180 blood samples and hunger scores were collected every 4 h from 0800 to 2000 hours. Anthropometric measurements were collected throughout the study. Greater weight loss, abdominal circumference, and body fat mass reductions were observed in the experimental diet in comparison to controls. Hunger scores were lower and greater improvements in fasting glucose, average daily insulin concentrations, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMAIR), T‐cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, C‐reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels were observed in comparison to controls. The experimental diet modified daily leptin and adiponectin concentrations compared to those observed at baseline and to a control diet. A simple dietary manipulation of carbohydrate distribution appears to have additional benefits when compared to a conventional weight loss diet in individuals suffering from obesity. It might also be beneficial for individuals suffering from insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. Further research is required to confirm and clarify the mechanisms by which this relatively simple diet approach enhances satiety, leads to better anthropometric outcomes, and achieves improved metabolic response, compared to a more conventional dietary approach.

Concentrating carbohydrates before sleep improves feeding regulation and metabolic and inflammatory parameters in mice

“…Although DIO (dietinduced obesity) in rodents may not represent the ideal model to investigate obesity and the metabolic syndrome in humans, our current findings in mice are in accordance with our previous results in humans (Sofer et al, 2011). Anti-obesity drugs, acting through the central melanocortin pathway, are still under development and are not ready for clinical use (Padwal and Majumdar, 2007).…”

“…Leptin secretion curve became convex, with a nadir later in the day, ghrelin secretion curve became concave, peaking only in the evening hours and adiponectin curve was elevated only after CCD. In parallel, hunger scores were lower and greater weight loss, abdominal circumference and body fat mass reductions and metabolic improvements were observed (Sofer et al, 2011(Sofer et al, , 2013. These results together with our current work in mice highlight the beneficial effects of a simple dietary manipulation of carbohydrates distribution in ameliorating obesity, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome.…”

“…Leptin secretion curve became convex, with a nadir later in the day; ghrelin secretion curve became concave, peaking only in the evening hours; and adiponectin secretion was elevated only after CCD. These changes were accompanied by improved satiety, anthropometric, biochemical and inflammatory outcomes (Sofer et al, 2011(Sofer et al, , 2013. In the present study, we set out to test whether carbohydrates fed before sleep lead to enhanced feeding control and improved metabolic status by altering metabolic pathways in the hypothalamus and peripheral tissues in mice.…”

A Diet with Carbohydrates Eaten Primarily at Dinner: An Innovative, Nutritional Approach to End the Vicious Cycle of Abdominal Obesity

“…Our clinical study objectives were to test the effectiveness of a low-calorie diet with carbohydrates eaten primarily at dinner as a possible nutritional approach to treat patients with severe abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome [31,32]. Specifically, we aimed to demonstrate that changes in the hormonal profiles of leptin and ghrelin caused by the timing of daily carbohydrate consumption might increase satiety and lead to improved adherence to long-term dietary 2.…”

“…# , P = 0.030, comparing control and experimental groups by contrast t-test following repeated measures ANOVA at day 180. Source: Sofer et al[31].…”