“…Previous studies have suggested that reward and loss constitute independent components ( Fonagy and Luyten, 2018 ). Consistent with prior research, the present study found that longer response times and poorer accuracy to loss rather than reward stimuli were observed, suggesting that loss processing may have more complex cognitive components ( Sozinov et al, 2020 ). Meanwhile, similar to another study ( Goncalves et al, 2021 ), the present study observed that emotional responses under loss rather than reward anticipation appeared to be associated with SMAs in adolescents.…”