Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering: new tool for studying thin film growth

Levine, Joanne R.; Cohen, J. B.; Chung, Yip‐Wah; Georgopoulos, P.

doi:10.1107/s002188988900717x

Cited by 287 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Apart from reflectivity and refraction, true small-angle scattering at grazing incidence (i.e. scattering due to the refracted beam, perpendicular to the plane defined by incident and refracted beam) has recently been introduced (Levine, Cohen, Chung & Georgopoulos, 1989) as a very sensitive method for the study of scattering objects on surfaces or at interfaces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-angle scattering studies of phase separation and defects in inorganic materials

Kostorz¹

1991

J Appl Cryst

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The use of X-ray and neutron small-angle scattering in the study of microstructural changes in inorganic materials is reviewed, with emphasis on recent developments. In the kinetics of diffusion-controlled phase separation, reliable data on the evolution of size and shape of the decomposition products may be obtained especially from in situ ageing experiments. Magnetic neutron scattering is discussed for inhomogeneous ferromagnets. While for the structural characterization of binary systems singlewavelength experiments are sufficient, variable X-ray wavelengths now available at synchrotron-radiation facilities open possibilities for the study of partial structure functions in systems containing several components. The combined use of small-angle scattering and complementary techniques is of particular value in more complex cases. These points are illustrated by a survey of recent results on phase separation and precipitates in binary and ternary crystalline alloys and on radiation-induced microstructural changes in metallic and semiconducting materials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-angle scattering studies of phase separation and defects in inorganic materials

Kostorz¹

1991

J Appl Cryst

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“…[20], the surface morphology was investigated in reciprocal space, using the GISAXS method [52,53]. This method relies on the analysis of the angledependent intensity structure of scattered X-rays.…”

Section: B Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular dynamics simulation of gold cluster growth during sputter deposition

Abraham

Strunskus

Faupel

et al. 2016

Journal of Applied Physics

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We present a molecular dynamics simulation scheme that we apply to study the time evolution of the self-organized growth process of metal cluster assemblies formed by sputter-deposited gold atoms on a planar surface. The simulation model incorporates the characteristics of the plasma-assisted deposition process and allows for an investigation over a wide range of deposition parameters. It is used to obtain data for the cluster properties which can directly be compared to recently published experimental data for gold on polystyrene (M. Schwartzkopf et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7, 13547 (2015)). While good agreement is found between the two, the simulations additionally provide valuable time-dependent real-space data of the surface morphology some of whose details are hidden in the reciprocal-space scattering images that were used for the experimental analysis.

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“…Grazing incidence x-ray scattering ͑GIXS͒ provides such information on parallel structures. [25][26][27][28] Due to the peculiar geometry of the experiment, it offers a dramatic enhancement of the signal coming from the probed interface, without significantly sensing the overlaying bulk of solution ͑which is accessible via more conventional x-ray scattering͒. 29 GIXS has gained a lot of interest in the past years since it enables to study interfacial structures in a noninvasive and nondestructive way.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow at interfaces: A new device for x-ray surface scattering investigations

Moulin

Roth²,

Müller‐Buschbaum

2008

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A fluidic cell based setup is described which allows for microbeam grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering characterization of the interface between a solid substrate and a flowing liquid. This cell can potentially be used to study in situ a wide variety of systems ranging from synthetic and natural colloids to biological molecules. The selected channel geometry enables the characterization of the solid-liquid interface during mixing of different solutions. As a proof of concept, measurements on an aqueous gold nanoparticle solution in contact with a glass surface are presented that show that the structure at the interface can be probed during flow.

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Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering: new tool for studying thin film growth

Cited by 287 publications

References 9 publications

Small-angle scattering studies of phase separation and defects in inorganic materials

Small-angle scattering studies of phase separation and defects in inorganic materials

Molecular dynamics simulation of gold cluster growth during sputter deposition

Flow at interfaces: A new device for x-ray surface scattering investigations

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