Gravity Approach for Modeling Trade Flows Between Estonia and the Main Trading Partners

Paas, Tiiu

doi:10.2139/ssrn.418680

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Therefore, though conventional trade theories cannot explain the extent of trade, the gravity models seem to be successful in this regard. In fact, gravity models allow additional structural and institutional factors to be taken into account for explaining the extent of trade as an aspect of international trade flows (Paas, 2000).…”

Section: Literature Review: Gravity Model and Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

The Gravity Model Analysis of Bangladesh's Trade: A Panel Data Approach

Rahman

Dutta

2012

Journal of Asia-Pacific Business

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The article applies generalized gravity models to analyze Bangladesh's bilateral trade pattern using the panel data estimation technique. The results reveal that Bangladesh's trade is positively determined by the size of the economies, per capita gross domestic product differential and openness of the trading countries. Bangladesh's exports are positively determined by its income, partner countries' total import demand and openness, but negatively determined by partner countries' income and domestic inflation. Bangladesh's imports are positively determined by income of trading countries and degree of openness of the partner countries and negatively determined by partner countries' inflation. Transportation costs affect Bangladesh's trade negatively.

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Section: Literature Review: Gravity Model and Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

The Gravity Model Analysis of Bangladesh's Trade: A Panel Data Approach

Rahman

Dutta

2012

Journal of Asia-Pacific Business

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“…Additionally, when states share similar GDP or GNP, the trade volume between them will go up. According to Paas, including the scale of the economy and various goods, the size of trade depends considerably on the size of a country's GDP or GNP [126]. Moreover, the trade-GDP ratio variable illustrates the state's exposure, meaning, the more liberal the country, the higher the volume of its trade [127].…”

Section: Trade Percentage Of Gdpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustaining Trade during COVID-19 Pandemic: Establishing a Conceptual Model Including COVID-19 Impact

2021

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The conceptual research aims to identify antecedents conducive to bilateral trade during the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the relevance of bilateral trade for foreign policy and economy studies, there is a need for a renewed framework in times of extreme economic instability. As international commerce is essential for improving the country’s economy, we have examined how economic distance, population, trade percentage of GDP, exchange rate, and political changes interconnect and relate to COVID-19, influencing trade flows. This conceptual paper illustrates the likely impact of COVID-19 on international trade by exploring pandemics’ effects on standard trading parameters such as GDP, distance, policy stability, and population. We model the resulting shock as a multifaceted variable reflected in capital underutilization, manufacturing output decline, international trade costs inflation, production costs inflation, decrease in demand for certain services and shift from everyday needs towards activities that exclude the proximity between people, e.g., proclivity towards virtual market products. The sudden decrease in GDP and bilateral trade, as well as FDI, is amplified by further development of pandemics’ long-term consequences. We take COVID-19 to be a technological, financial, and policy shock significantly influencing international trade and economic development and argue that it will have a varying impact on diverse sectors and economies. The paper offers preliminary insight into the pandemic-related economics that are unfolding and deduce recommendations on positive changes in trading policy to fully leverage on arising trading opportunities and point to potential research directions.

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“…Emergence of TCE, according to Williamson, was due to market failure. Pass et al (2000) explains that transaction cost is occurred due to input, goods, service or asset exchange between two individuals or more and even between companies. Transaction could happen through market involve purchasing and selling using price system.…”

Section: Transaction Cost Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects Of Asymmetric Information, Transaction Cost To Corporate Governance, And Public Organization Performance (Study In Local Water Company In Malang Regency)

Priyanto¹,

Maryunani²,

Mazkie³

et al. 2014

IOSRJBM

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Governing government sector is not quite different with managing a company. When the purpose of private sector is to corporate stability and long-lasting profit ability, in fact the purpose of public sector is not much different. The purpose of public sector is to improve community welfare and community trust to government. Welfare itself could be accomplished if the implementation of the development program itself gives positive impact for the society. (Sifia from Aswanto, 2010) When regional autonomy law is applied, Regional Government-owned Enterprise (BUMD) has potential which should be developed more through professional management by merging the characteristic of public service and profit orientation. Realizing good BUMD requires commitment from all parties from Regency/City Government as the owner and the manager of BUMD. From profit oriented aspect, BUMD (Malang Regency's PDAM) is one of the support and source of district own revenue (PAD), on the other hand PDAM is one of public organization which function is to provide clean water as one of public's commodity. Corporate governance becomes an important issue in managing PDAM in Malang Regency since PDAM has a role as BUMD, which is given mandate to carry-out task from Malang Regency's Government in performing agency function, is feared to create many discrepancies in public business by asymmetric information which frequently occurs in the connection of some agencies which affects public organization performance in Malang Region PDAM. Using Structural Equation Model (SEM), an analytical tool, using asymmetric information and transaction cost as independent variable, with corporate governance as intervening variable and public organization performance as dependent variable, the result of this research shows that transaction cost variable and asymmetric information has significant influence toward corporate governance, asymmetric information variable and transaction cost has indirect influence toward public organization performance through corporate governance variable, governance variable gives significant influence to public organization performance variable.

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Gravity Approach for Modeling Trade Flows Between Estonia and the Main Trading Partners

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

The Gravity Model Analysis of Bangladesh's Trade: A Panel Data Approach

The Gravity Model Analysis of Bangladesh's Trade: A Panel Data Approach

Sustaining Trade during COVID-19 Pandemic: Establishing a Conceptual Model Including COVID-19 Impact

Effects Of Asymmetric Information, Transaction Cost To Corporate Governance, And Public Organization Performance (Study In Local Water Company In Malang Regency)

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