Governing government sector is not quite different with managing a company. When the purpose of private sector is to corporate stability and long-lasting profit ability, in fact the purpose of public sector is not much different. The purpose of public sector is to improve community welfare and community trust to government. Welfare itself could be accomplished if the implementation of the development program itself gives positive impact for the society. (Sifia from Aswanto, 2010) When regional autonomy law is applied, Regional Government-owned Enterprise (BUMD) has potential which should be developed more through professional management by merging the characteristic of public service and profit orientation. Realizing good BUMD requires commitment from all parties from Regency/City Government as the owner and the manager of BUMD. From profit oriented aspect, BUMD (Malang Regency's PDAM) is one of the support and source of district own revenue (PAD), on the other hand PDAM is one of public organization which function is to provide clean water as one of public's commodity. Corporate governance becomes an important issue in managing PDAM in Malang Regency since PDAM has a role as BUMD, which is given mandate to carry-out task from Malang Regency's Government in performing agency function, is feared to create many discrepancies in public business by asymmetric information which frequently occurs in the connection of some agencies which affects public organization performance in Malang Region PDAM. Using Structural Equation Model (SEM), an analytical tool, using asymmetric information and transaction cost as independent variable, with corporate governance as intervening variable and public organization performance as dependent variable, the result of this research shows that transaction cost variable and asymmetric information has significant influence toward corporate governance, asymmetric information variable and transaction cost has indirect influence toward public organization performance through corporate governance variable, governance variable gives significant influence to public organization performance variable.
This research aims to simulate models of taxes across Southeast Asia by inserting var models such as environment and gasoline fees. This study is for getting the idea that Southeast Asia imposes an environmental fee based on a regression model derived from Southeast Asia's energy consumption and CO2 emissions adjusted by a 10% additional tax (as a dummy variable). This study was motivated by the European Union's policy suggestions on environmental fees, which could be implemented by Southeast Asia. The log-t methods are used in this study, which allows clustering by countries into additional clubs or convergence groupings, and also for utilizing the test for converging within some panel’s states taking into account the variable’s panel data. We believe that environmental fees are an essential public policy tool in Southeast Asia for reducing CO2 emissions as well as the effects on pollutants. Gas tax or carbon pollution tax upon the energy and transportation industries have a substantial influence on raising tax collections in addition to economic expansion within Southeast Asia. Power tax could help to fund initiatives that utilize ecologically good energy while limiting the prohibiting the utilization of natural gas or eco-friendly power. In the transportation industry, the environmental taxes’ function is to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide caused as a result of less environmentally friendly public transport, as well as to support eco-friendly transport.
Glintung RW 23 is a dense village with several environmental and social problems. Responding to this problem, RW 23 Institutions and villagers agreed to innovate, create an environmentally friendly village and, at the same time, address existing social problems. The purpose of this study is to develop a model for the implementation phase-in of the development innovation process in Glintung village, Malang City accordingly. Data was extracted by in-depth interviews and documentation and then analyzed qualitatively. The results of this study provide examples of steps that are appropriate for the village development innovation process that is appropriate and applies to all village areas that carry out the same development.Â
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