Graves' disease, thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer

Belfiore, Antonino; Russo, Diego; Vigneri, Riccardo; Filetti, Sébastiano

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2001.01415.x

Cited by 131 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…TRAbs and TSH activate the same intracellular pathway and both of them have mitogenic and antiapoptotic effects on thyroid follicular cells. TRAbs stimulate angiogenesis, which has a critical role in the growth and development of the tumor in the thyroid, by upregulating vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor (2,10,13,18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the rate of malignancy is approximately 5% in palpable thyroid nodules in the general population, it varies between 2.3% and 45.8% in patients with Graves' disease (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…T hyroid nodules are frequently found in patients with Graves' disease, though the frequency varies depending on the method used (1)(2)(3). The prevalence of palpable thyroid nodule is 3-fold higher compared to the general population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of palpable thyroid nodule is 3-fold higher compared to the general population. In epidemiological studies, a higher thyroid nodule prevalence is found when thyroid ultrasonography is used for evaluation of thyroid morphology (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer in Graves’ disease

Tam

Kaya

Kılıç

et al. 2014

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

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Objective: The frequency of thyroid nodules accompanying Graves' disease and the risk of thyroid cancer in presence of accompanying nodules are controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of thyroid nodules and the risk of thyroid cancer in patients operated because of graves' disease. Subjects and methods: Five hundred and twenty-six patients in whom thyroidectomy was performed because of Graves' disease between 2006 and 2013 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients who had received radioactive iodine treatment and external irradiation treatment in the neck region and who had had thyroid surgery previously were not included in the study. Results: While accompanying thyroid nodule was present in 177 (33.6%) of 526 Graves' patients, thyroid nodule was absent in 349 (66.4%) patients. Forty-two (8%) patients had thyroid cancer. The rate of thyroid cancer was 5.4% (n = 19) in the Graves' patients who had no nodule, whereas it was 13% (n = 23) in the patients who had nodule. The risk of thyroid cancer increased significantly in presence of nodule (p = 0.003). Three patients had recurrence. No patient had distant metastasis. No patient died during the follow-up period. Conclusions: Especially Graves' patients who have been decided to be followed up should be evaluated carefully during the follow-up in terms of thyroid cancer which may accompany. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(9):933-8 Keywords Graves' disease; thyroid nodules; thyroid cancer RESUMO Objetivo: A frequência da ocorrência de nódulos tiroidianos acompanhando a doença de Graves e o risco de câncer de tiroide na presença desses nódulos é controversa. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a frequência de nódulos tiroidianos e o risco de câncer de tiroide em pacientes operados por doença de Graves. Sujeitos e métodos: Quinhentos e vinte e seis pacientes anteriormente submetidos à tiroidectomia por doença de Graves entre 2006 e 2013 foram avaliados retrospectivamente. Os pacientes que receberam tratamento com iodo radioativo e irradiação externa da região do pescoço e que anteriormente passaram por cirurgia de tiroide não foram incluídos no estudo. Resultados: Enquanto os nódulos de tiroide se apresentaram em 177 (33,6%) dos 526 pacientes com doença de Graves, eles estiveram ausentes em 349 (66,4%) pacientes. Um total de 42 (8%) dos pacientes teve câncer de tiroide. A ocorrência de câncer de tiroide foi 5,4% (n = 19) nos pacientes com doença de Graves que não apresentaram nódulos, e 13% (n = 23) nos pacientes com nódulos. O risco de câncer de tiroide aumentou significativamente na presença de nódulos (p = 0,003). Três pacientes apresentaram recidivas. Nenhum paciente apresentou metástase distante e nenhum paciente veio a óbito durante o período de acompanhamento. Conclusões: Pacientes com doença de Graves devem ser avaliados cuidadosamente no acompanhamento para a possível ocorrência de câncer de tiroide. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(9):933-8 Descritores Doença de Graves; nódulos tiroidianos; câncer de tiroide

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the rate of malignancy is approximately 5% in palpable thyroid nodules in the general population, it varies between 2.3% and 45.8% in patients with Graves' disease (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer in Graves’ disease

Tam

Kaya

Kılıç

et al. 2014

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Due to this fi nding the authors conclude that in patients with Graves' disease any nodule must be screened carefully to rule out malignancy. Belfi ore et al reviewed previously published data on the incidence of thyroid cancer in Graves' patients with or without thyroid nodules and found that the incidence of thyroid cancer in patients with nodules was up to 45.8 % of the cases in contrast to those without nodules in whom thyroid cancer did not exceed 9.8 % [ 53 ] . Thyroid scintigraphy is an important test in the evaluation of patients with Graves' disease and nodules, and the prevalence of thyroid cancer in a cold nodule provides justifi cation for further diagnostic evaluation [ 54 ] .…”

Section: Nodular Graves' Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%