Graphitic carbon nitride nanostructures: Catalysis

Kong, Linghuan; Wang, Jiangcai; Ma, F.C.; Sun, Mengtao; Quan, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2019.06.003

Cited by 70 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 263 publications

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“…The Ru and O content was, thus, nearly unaffected by the combined electron beam and NH 3 processing. However, the decreased C:Ru ratio indicates that C was lost from the deposit and replaced by N. Note that the C:N ratio of the obtained material is that of a typical carbon nitride, i.e., C 3 N 4 [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. We note that the density of amorphous C 3 N 4 (1.3–1.4 g/cm 3 [ 29 ]) as compared to that of a RuC 9 deposit (3.2 g/cm 3 [ 9 ]) can account for a volume increase of roughly 230–250%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following this strategy, amorphous carbon nitride has been suggested as a low-cost and environmentally friendly material for gas sensing [15]. While research on carbon nitride materials has predominantly focused on crystalline forms and their applications as emerging materials for semiconducting devices, photocatalysis, energy storage devices, catalyst supports or catalysts [16][17][18], amorphous carbon nitrides are particularly easy to produce [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined Ammonia and Electron Processing of a Carbon-Rich Ruthenium Nanomaterial Fabricated by Electron-Induced Deposition

et al. 2020

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Ammonia (NH3)-assisted purification of deposits fabricated by focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID) has recently been proven successful for the removal of halide contaminations. Herein, we demonstrate the impact of combined NH3 and electron processing on FEBID deposits containing hydrocarbon contaminations that stem from anionic cyclopentadienyl-type ligands. For this purpose, we performed FEBID using bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)ruthenium(II) as the precursor and subjected the resulting deposits to NH3 and electron processing, both in an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and in a surface science study under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. The results provide evidence that nitrogen from NH3 is incorporated into the carbon content of the deposits which results in a covalent nitride material. This approach opens a perspective to combine the promising properties of carbon nitrides with respect to photocatalysis or nanosensing with the unique 3D nanoprinting capabilities of FEBID, enabling access to a novel class of tailored nanodevices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Ammonia and Electron Processing of a Carbon-Rich Ruthenium Nanomaterial Fabricated by Electron-Induced Deposition

et al. 2020

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“…Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) is attracting enormous research interest because it is the most stable allotrope of carbon nitride coupled with some exciting analytical merits, including low-cost synthesis, biocompatibility, high water dispersibility, photocatalytic properties, unique electronic properties, and nontoxicity [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. These outstanding properties prompted scientific communities to explore graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) for various applications, including sensing heavy metals, organic pollutants, biosensors, gas sensing, and quantification pharmaceuticals in water.…”

Section: Multifunctional Applications Of Graphitic Carbon Nitride mentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphitic Carbon Nitride: A Highly Electroactive Nanomaterial for Environmental and Clinical Sensing

Idris

Oseghe

Msagati

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a two-dimensional conjugated polymer that has attracted the interest of researchers and industrial communities owing to its outstanding analytical merits such as low-cost synthesis, high stability, unique electronic properties, catalytic ability, high quantum yield, nontoxicity, metal-free, low bandgap energy, and electron-rich properties. Notably, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is the most stable allotrope of carbon nitrides. It has been explored in various analytical fields due to its excellent biocompatibility properties, including ease of surface functionalization and hydrogen-bonding. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) acts as a nanomediator and serves as an immobilization layer to detect various biomolecules. Numerous reports have been presented in the literature on applying graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for the construction of electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Different electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, electrochemiluminescence, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, square wave anodic stripping voltammetry, and amperometry techniques have been extensively used for the detection of biologic molecules and heavy metals, with high sensitivity and good selectivity. For this reason, the leading drive of this review is to stress the importance of employing graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for the fabrication of electrochemical sensors and biosensors.

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“…[ 32 ] The stable g‐C 3 N 4 can be prepared from many materials with CN core structure such as urea, melamine, cyanamide, dicyandiamide, thiourea, and guanidine hydrochloride via solvothermal, chemical vapor deposition, thermal polycondensation, etc. [ 19,33 ] As mentioned, g‐C 3 N 4 has many advantages for photocatalysis, but there are still some shortcomings that seriously restrict its practical applications. To solve the aforementioned problems, much effort has been made for modifying its morphology, introduction of defects, and band structure engineering.…”

Section: Pristine G‐c3n4 For Photocatalytic Co2rrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 15 ] Via continuous development and optimization of photocatalysts and cocatalysts as well as reaction conditions including temperature, pressure, sacrificing reagents, cocatalysts, the reaction mechanisms also have been constantly enriched and improved. [ 16–23 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Carbon Nitride and Its Hybrid Photocatalysts for CO₂ Reduction

et al. 2020

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Graphitic carbon nitride as a novel photocatalyst for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) has attracted many recent efforts on the synthesis and modification for improving efficiency and selectivity. Herein, an overview of fundamental factors and the latest research progress of g‐C3N4‐based photocatalysts for CO2RR is provided. The main strategies of fabrication and modification to obtain g‐C3N4 and g‐C3N4‐based composites with high CO2RR efficiency are summarized. Working mechanisms of each enhancement approach in terms of their effects on electronic band structures, light‐harvesting capability, CO2 adsorption capacity, separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs etc. are explained and discussed. Finally, a brief overview on the challenges and new directions in this field is proposed.

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Graphitic carbon nitride nanostructures: Catalysis

Cited by 70 publications

References 263 publications

Combined Ammonia and Electron Processing of a Carbon-Rich Ruthenium Nanomaterial Fabricated by Electron-Induced Deposition

Combined Ammonia and Electron Processing of a Carbon-Rich Ruthenium Nanomaterial Fabricated by Electron-Induced Deposition

Graphitic Carbon Nitride: A Highly Electroactive Nanomaterial for Environmental and Clinical Sensing

Recent Progress on Carbon Nitride and Its Hybrid Photocatalysts for CO₂ Reduction

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Graphitic carbon nitride nanostructures: Catalysis

Cited by 70 publications

References 263 publications

Combined Ammonia and Electron Processing of a Carbon-Rich Ruthenium Nanomaterial Fabricated by Electron-Induced Deposition

Combined Ammonia and Electron Processing of a Carbon-Rich Ruthenium Nanomaterial Fabricated by Electron-Induced Deposition

Graphitic Carbon Nitride: A Highly Electroactive Nanomaterial for Environmental and Clinical Sensing

Recent Progress on Carbon Nitride and Its Hybrid Photocatalysts for CO2 Reduction

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Recent Progress on Carbon Nitride and Its Hybrid Photocatalysts for CO₂ Reduction