“…34,80–83 Graphene-based quantum dots (GQDs) have been comprehensively explored due to their desirable attributes such as facile, eco-friendly synthesis, low cost, non-toxicity, good biocompatibility, 36,84,85 high stability, controllable chemical functionality, water dispersibility, surface grafting, stable photoluminescence, 73 robust chemical inertness, 26 excellent electrical, and optical properties, abundant functional groups ( e.g. , hydroxyl, amino, and carboxyl), electron mobility, and huge surface area, endowing them immense potential applications in the optical, 86 energy, 87 electronic, and biomedical fields. 88,89–96…”