Graphene Oxide Scaffold Stimulates Differentiation and Proangiogenic Activities of Myogenic Progenitor Cells

Abstract

The physiological process of muscle regeneration is quite limited due to low satellite cell quantity and also the inability to regenerate and reconstruct niche tissue. The purpose of the study was to examine whether a graphene oxide scaffold is able to stimulate myogenic progenitor cell proliferation and the endocrine functions of differentiating cells, and therefore, their active participation in the construction of muscle tissue. Studies were carried out using mesenchymal cells taken from 6-day-old chicken embryos and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were used to assess angiogenesis. The graphene scaffold was readily colonized by myogenic progenitor cells and the cells dissected from heart, brain, eye, and blood vessels did not avoid the scaffold. The scaffold strongly induced myogenic progenitor cell signaling pathways and simultaneously activated proangiogenic signaling pathways via exocrine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion. The present study revealed that the graphene oxide (GO) scaffold initiates the processes of muscle cell differentiation due to mechanical interaction with myogenic progenitor cell.

Effect of Graphene Family Materials on Multiple Myeloma and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Cell Lines

“…Low cytotoxicity and the interactive surface of graphene oxides create promising possibilities for use in drug delivery platforms. In some of the previous experiments, graphene oxide used as a scaffold stimulated the growth of some cells and inhibited other cells (cell cultures of different origin from chicken embryos) [ 50 , 51 ]. In other studies, it was demonstrated that graphene was up taken by cells [ 52 , 53 ].…”

Three-Dimensional Printable Gelatin Hydrogels Incorporating Graphene Oxide to Enable Spontaneous Myogenic Differentiation

“…Recent studies have shown that graphene derivatives promote myogenic differentiation of several progenitors and stem cells, including MSC. Mateusz et al demonstrated GO-induced MyoD upregulation and proangiogenic activities of myogenic progenitor cells . The other study indicated that graphene form accelerated myofibroblast differentiation of bone marrow derived MSC in the presence of differentiation medium by upregulation of TGF-β1 .…”

Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Peripheral Nerve Engineering: Recent Advances and Potential Mechanisms

“…Excessive graphene oxide hindered angiogenesis of human endothelial cells by altering the distribution of mitochondria and disturbing several metabolic pathways. Contrary to in vitro results, in vivo data showed that 2D nanomaterials stimulate the formation new vessels in different disease models (Qian et al, 2019d;Norahan et al, 2019;Wierzbicki et al, 2020). One possible explanation for this phenomenon could be that in vivo studies utilized scaffolds which allow for the controlled release of 2D nanomaterials.…”